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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ANTIBODY |
a protein produced by the immune system in response to an antigen
** "build an army' |
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ANTIGEN |
any substance recognized by the body as "foreign"
**"the enemy" |
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IMMUNITY |
quality of being insusceptible to or unaffected by a particular disease or condition
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IMMUNOCOMPROMISED |
immune system unable to provide immunity
**not able to completely protect self |
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IMMUNOCOMPETENCE |
immune system responds appropriately to a foreign stimulus
**can fully protect self |
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AUTOIMMUNE |
of or relating to disease caused by antibodies or lymphocytes produced against substances naturally present in the body.
** failure of self tolerance your body will mistakenly attack healthy tissue "friendly fire" |
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PURPOSE OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM |
FUNCTIONS: Protects the body's internal environment against invading organisms Maintain homeostasis by removing damaged cells from circulation Serves as a surveillance network for the recognizing and guarding against the development and growth or abnormal cells |
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LEUKOCYTE CELL DEVELOPMENT |
All cells start off as stem cells and are developed in the bone marrow later to be B cells or T cells B cells mature in the bone marrow (hence "B" cells) T cells mature in the Thymus ( hence "T" cells) [[Thymus gland large in children later shrinks with age]]
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LEUKOCYTES (WHITE BLOOD CELLS- WBC) |
GRANULOCYTES (mature in red bone marrow) -neutrophils -eosinophils -basophils NONGRANULOCYTES (mature in lymph and tissue) -monocytes (see next card) - lymphocytes -b cells -t cells |
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MONOCYTES |
mature in the macrophages neutropenic: < neutrophils = < wbc
N/I: INFECTION PRECAUTIONS |
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FORMS OF IMMUNITY |
INNATE (natural) barriers (how the body protects itself) Skin, mucous membranes, body fluids/ chemicals: gastric juices, vaginal and anal secretions (remember that every orifice will have secretion) FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE |
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FORMS OF IMMUNITY |
ADAPTIVE/ ACQUIRED (did I have the disease or the vaccine?) -Specific responses to each organism -Develops antibodies to remember -Consists of organs and tissues designed to respond to invaders
**Body must see the disease to make antibodies |
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FORMS OF IMMUNITY |
PASSIVE transfer of active humoral immunity in the form of ready-made antibodies, from one individual to another. can occur naturally, when maternal antibodies are transferred to the fetus through the placenta can also be induced artificially, when high levels of human (or horse) antibodies specific for a pathogen or toxin are transferred to non-immune individuals |
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SPECIFIC FORMS OF IMMUNITY |
ACTIVE IMMUNITY: when antibodies are formed to fight infections. builds immunity -naturally acquired active immunity occurs when the person is exposed to and experiences a disease and the body manufactures antibodies for fuure immunity |
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SPECIFIC FORMS OF IMMUNITY |
ARTIFICIALLY ACQUIRED ACTIVE IMMUNITY: occurs when an individual receives a weakened or killed antigen (vaccine) to stimulate the development of antibodies. Natural reaction to develop a mild version or reaction |
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SPECIFIC FORMS OF IMMUNITY |
PASSIVE IMMUNITY: when antibodies are formed by another person/agent, then given to an individual -immunity occurs with immunizations called immune globulins |
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IMMUNE RESPONSE
4 Rs |
RECOGNIZE
RESPOND
REMEMBER
REGULATE |
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INNATE IMMUNITY
(possible SATA) |
Immune Barriers (you're born with) -skin -mucous membranes -cilia in lungs -enzymes -mucous acids -proteins chemicals present in: -tears -saliva -stomach acid -natural intestinal -vaginal flora reflexes: -cough -blink -tears -sneeze lymphatic system -maturation of lymphocytes -provides nonspecific immunity -first line of defense -protects from external environment |
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PASSIVE IMMUNITY |
PASSIVE IMMUNITY: immunity that is "borrowed" from another source and that only last for a short time -antibodies from mother's milk immune form antigens the mother has been exposed to but wears off within a couple of months (generally 18 mos) -vaccines such as Hep A or tetanus Antibodies are injected therefore have a short "lifespan" and must be reinjected periodically |
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ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY |
-protects against organisms which get inside the internal environment -immunity to a specific microorganism as a result of a previous invasion by that microorganism -acquired immunity builds with each exposure through cell "memory" - 2 types -humoral -cell mediated |
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ADAPTIVE: HUMORAL IMMUNITY |
Antiboend developnt amdy immunity -B cell (most imortant!!) -responds to antigens such as bacteria and foreign tissue -results of the |
