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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Why can we get the common cold many times? |
While we become immune to a certain pathogen the first time we get it, most viruses and bacteria can mutate, sometimes at a very rapid rate so they are slightly different, and our immune system doesn't recognize it. This is especially relevant with the common cold. |
The structure of a microbe often changes... |
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Why do antibiotics work on bacteria, but not viruses? |
Because bacteria have a cell wall while viruses do not. Antibiotics are designed to rupture a cell wall in order to kill bacteria. |
Bacteria have a certain part of a cell that viruses don't have... |
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List the Non-Specific External Barriers |
skin, mucus membranes, cilia, and phagocytes |
Can't target specific microbes... |
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List the Innate Immune Response |
phagocytic and natural killer cells, inflammation, and fever |
More specific... |
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List the Adaptive Immune Response |
cell-meditated immunity, and humoral immunity |
Protected for life from past disease because... (very specific to a single pathogen) |
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List the roles of skin and mucus |
-Skin: Dead cells are constantly rubbed off making it hard for bacteria to colonize. Skin oils and sweat, also include various antimicrobial chemicals -Mucus: Contains lysozymes that destroy bacterial cell walls so bacteria can't grow. |
I've run quite a while, and now I'm _______ (skin), Boogers (eww, mucus membranes) |
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List the roles of inflammation, and phagocytes |
-Inflammation: Signaled by mast cells that release histamines, that cause swelling. -Phagocytes: White blood cells including macrophages destroy invaders. |
anti-_is_ami_e_ macrophages gnom gnom |
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List the roles of swelling and fevers. |
-Swelling: Swelling is caused by many fluids gathered around an injury site. This helps to dilute toxins. -Fever: Fevers are defensive mechanisms that destroy heat-resistant bacteria |
-caused by histamines -I'm hot but I need to kill bacteria affected by ... |
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True or False: antigens are attached to the pathogenic particle/cell and why? |
TRUE (while the antigens are attached to the "enemy", our immune system uses them to label the pathogens for attacking") |
TRUE |
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What are antibodies, and what cell produces them? |
Antibodies are proteins (produced by plasma B-cells) that tag and destroy invasive microbes. |
Plasma B-cells |
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List 2 types of T-cells and their jobs. |
1. HELPER T-CELLS: Release cytokines when an antigen is detected and can call a halt. Can be disabled by AIDS. 2. KILLER T-CELLS: Cytoxic cells that seek out and destroy antigens and pathogens. Can occasionally recognize cancer cells. |
Killer, and helper |
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What are cytokines? |
Cytokines are released by the helper T-cells to signal the start of the immune response, and the location of the battle. |
911 |
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List 2 types of B-cells and their jobs. |
1. PLASMA B-CELLS: Produces antibodies. 2. MEMORY B-CELLS: Remembers the pathogen so that the body is from now on immune to that strand. |
plasma and memory |
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What is calling a halt |
Calling a halt is done by the helper T-cells. In short, it says that all invading pathogens have been killed and that the immune system can halt it's defenses. |
helper T-cells |
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basically describe HIV/AIDS |
HIV/AIDS is a disease that attacks your helper T-cells. Once the cells are destroyed the immune system is not functional. HIV/AIDS will not kill you but (once you have it) even a common cold can. HIV is the virus, and AIDS is the disease that it can turn into. |
helper T-cells |
