Immune System

Front 1

Body's primary defense against infection:

Back 1

Skin, tears, stomach acid, urine, sweat, mucus and saliva.

Front 2

Inflammation

Back 2

Swelling, redness, and warmth of the infected area cause the body to call in macrophages and neutrophils to consume the bacteria.

Hint 2

Results as a response to irritating chemicals, heat, trauma, or infection by pathogens. Redness, heat, swelling and pain are the 4 cardinal signs of inflammation.

Front 3

Active immunity

Back 3

Memorization and production of antibodies.

Front 4

Passive immunity

Back 4

Antibodies have been obtained from outside the body, either from another animal or person.

Front 5

B cells

Back 5

Have antigen receptors and antibodies, and work to fight off bacteria. They can form plasma cells and memory cells.

Front 6

T cells

Back 6

Responsible for recognizing nonself cells and produce killer T cells and memory T cells.

Front 7

Immune System

Back 7

Tissues, cells and organs that fight off illnesses and disease. Composed of both innate (nonspecific) and adaptive( specific) defenses that protect the body from pathogens.

Front 8

Innate immune functions

Back 8

First line of defense - Provide a nonspecific type of defense. Include physical and chemical barriers (skin, mucous membranes and digestive enzymes).

Hint 8

Second line of defense - Fever, inflammation, phagocytosis, natural killer cells, interferons, chemotaxis and release of cytokines.

Front 9

Phagocytosis

Back 9

Engulfing of pathogens by white blood cells.

Front 10

Immune system

Back 10

Tissues, cells, and organs that fight off illness and disease. Composed of both innate (nonspecific) and adaptive (specific) defenses that are designed to protect the body from pathogens and other foreign invaders.

Front 11

Innate immune function

Back 11

Provide a nonspecific type of defense.

Front 12

Innate defenses first and second line of defenses.

Back 12

First line of defense: Includes both physical and chemical barriers (skin, mucous membranes, and digestive enzymes).

Hint 12

Second line of defense: Include fever, inflammation, phagocytosis, natural killer cells, interferons, chemotaxis, and release of cytokines.

Front 13

Phagocytosis

Back 13

Engulfing of pathogens by white blood cells.

Front 14

Natural killer cells (NK cells)

Back 14

Produce perforins that target cancer and virus cells. Perforin cause these cells to lyse or rupture.

Front 15

Perforins

Back 15

Pore-forming proteins

Front 16

Interferons

Back 16

The body's response to a viral infection and prevent replication of the virus after 7 to 10 days. They also activate macrophages and NK cells.

Front 17

Chemotaxis

Back 17

Method by which the leukocytes respond to damaged body tissue; accomplished in part through cytokines.

Front 18

Cytokines

Back 18

Chemical messengers that are released by damaged tissues.

Front 19

Diapedesis

Back 19

Process of white blood cells squeezing through capillary slits in response to cytokines, followed by cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs) guiding the white blood cells to the site of the damage or infection.

Front 20

Adaptive responses

Back 20

Third line of defense or specific defense. These include both the humoral or antibody-medicated and the cell-mediated responses.

Front 21

Antibody-mediated branch

Back 21

Antibodies produced that are specific for the invading antigen. The antigen binds to B cells followed by binding with T-helper cells. This activates the B cells to produce antibodies.

Front 22

Active immunity

Back 22

Individual receives a vaccine that that simulates an actual infection by a pathogen, stimulating the body to produce antibodies for further protection.

Front 23

Passive immunity

Back 23

An individual does not produce his/her own antibodies, but rather receives them from another source, such as mother to infant through breast milk.

Front 24

Cell-mediated immunity

Back 24

T cells are primarily responsible for recognizing nonself cells.