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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Osteoarthritis |
Most common form arthritis Disease that affects the joint as a whole because of biological chemical and viscoelastic changes within the joint |
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Osteoarthritis |
Risk facrors: age, female, obesity, genetics, sports, history |
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Osteoarthritis |
Pain, decreased range of motion, tenderness over joint, bony swelling, soft tissue swelling, defkrmitu, instability, crepitus |
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Osteoarthritis |
Lab testing not necessary to confirm diagnosis, may outrule others though Radiographs, history and physical exam, presence of osteophytes |
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Osteophytes |
Projections of nee cartilage and bone growth that form along joint lines (decreases range of motion and causes pain) |
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Radiographs |
Used to diagnose osteoarthritis (hands, hips, knees, spine) evidence of joint space narrowing, subchondral sclerosis, or cysts and presence of osteocytes means osteoarthritis |
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Osteoarthritis |
Goals to decrease pain, improve or maintain joint mobility and avoid toxic drug effects |
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Osteoarthritis |
Nonphamalogical therapy: weight loss, aerobic exercise, physical therapy, muscle strengthen, appropriate footwear Pharmaolgical therapy: acetaminophen, nsaids, opiod alalgesics Surgical intervetion: synovectomy |
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Synovectomy |
Used to remove excessive growth of synovical membrane to reduce joint inflammation |
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Rheumatoid arthritis |
Chronic systemic autoimmune inflammatory disease characterized by inflammatory process that affects diarthrodial or freely moving joints causing pain and swelling |
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Rheumatoid arthritis |
Joint pain, joint swelling, erythema, morning stiffness and fatigue, synovitis, rheumatoid nodules Osteopenia, muscle weakness, episcleritis, scleritis, pleuritis, pleural effusion, pericarditis |
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Rheumatoid nodules |
May be formed in subcutaneous tissue are mobile and nontender |
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Rheumatoid arthritis |
Lab testing alone not enough (crp and esr) radiographs, signs and symptoms |
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Rheumatoid arthritis |
Nonphamalogical: education about disease, range of motion exercises, aerobic exercises, physical and occupational therapy, proper nutrition Pharmaolgical: control inflammation and decrese stiffness, joint pain, synovitis and stiffness Analgesics, nsaids, glucocorticoids, dmards, biologics Surgical: joint replacement or fusiom, removal of nodules |
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Scleroderma |
Localized or systemic |
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Scleroderma |
Skin, lungs, heart, kidneys and musculoskeletal Patches thick skin, itching, dyspnea, cough, pulmonary fibrosis, pericarditis, pericardial effusion, myocardial fibrosis, heart failure, swelling hands, joint pain, muscle pain, fatigue Raynauds phenomenon, scleroderma renal crisis, pulmonary artery hypertension |
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Raynauds phenomenon |
Vassospasm of small vessles in hands caused by exposure to cold |
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Scleroderma |
Presence of symptoms and serum antibodies |
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Scleroderma |
No single treatment, focus on specific organs involved and symptoms Systemic steroids (prednisome),immunosuppressants (methotrexate) antihistamines (loratadone),vasodialators (norvasc) |
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Lupus |
Chronic inflammatory disease that can affect virtually any organ system |
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Lupus |
Risk factors: pregnancy, exposure to sun, illness, major surgery, medications, allergies |
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Lupus |
Symptoms are diverse, no pattern, varies greatly Possible: joint pain, rash, photosensitivy, oral ulcers, dry eyes, dry mouth, hypertension, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, alopecia, chest pain |
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Lupus |
Evidence of symptoms and lab findings (bun, creatine, cbc, crp/esr) four of eleven criteria must be present, lab presense ana: autoimmune no neccessarily this diseade |
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Lupus |
Nonphamalogical: avoid prolonged sun, use sunscreen 50spf, well balanced diet, rest periods, sleep schedule, exercise Pharmaolgical: based on symptoms, antimalarial (hydroxychloroquine), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (ibuprofen) glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants Surgical: renal transplant or joint replacement |
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Gout |
Monosodium uratic crystals are drposited in joints bone, and soft tissues accompanied by inflammation (hyperuricemia: elevated uric acid level in blood presence prior) |
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Acute Gout |
involves one joint, acufe onset pain, redness swelling |
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Gout three phases |
Acute, intercritical, chronic |
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Intercritical Gout |
Asymptomatic period between attacks |
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Chronic tophalceous Gout |
Repeated attacks of many years leading to production of tophi (uric acid deposits or nodules in joints) |
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Gout |
Combine subjective data and lab data (observing crystals in synovial fluid) podagra |
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Podagra |
Term used to identify gout in furst metatarsophalangeal joint |
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Gout |
Nonphamalogical: weight management, avoid alcohol (beer), splinting of affevted joint Pharmacological: depends on stage acute: pain relief and reduce inflammation nsaids: indometracin, glucocorticoids intercritical: nsaids and colchicine chronic: uric acid lowering agents allopurinol or febuxostat Surgical: |
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Gout |
Intense joint pain, tenderness of joint, swelling or redness of joint, warmth over joint, decreased rabge kf motion, presence of tophi |
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Fibromyalgia |
Chronic pain disorder of soft connective tissues characterized by widespread pain and insomnia, fatigue, stiffness, cognitive dysfunction |
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Fibromyalgia |
Fatigue, arthralgia and myalgia, headache, abdomen pain, nonrestorative sleep, anxiety |
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Fibromyalgia |
Labs not necessary |
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Fibromyalgia |
Nonphamalogical: physical therapy, strength training, aerobic exercises, cognitive therapy, self managment, heating pads Pharmacological: medications alter chemicals in brain, analgesics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory, antidepressants, anti seizure Opioid analgesics not recommended
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Secondary immune dysfunction |
Acquired immune deficiency occurs when damage is caused by an extrinsic or external environmental factor or agent (hiv, radiation, chemotherapy, malnutrition, burns) |
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Secondary immune dysfunction |
Fever, cough, cloudy urine, hypotension, tachycardia, decreased breath sounds, skin rashes |
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Secondary immune dysfunction |
Prevention, good hand washing, avoid contact people with infection, assess infection |
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Secondary immune dysfunction |
Infection treat with antibiotics, antivirals |
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Type 1 hypersensitivity |
Immunoglobulin e (ige) First: ige produced attatch mast cels Second: allergen binds to ige antibodies on mast cell causing degranulation releasing histamine leukotrienes and prostaglandins |
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Type 1 hypersensitivity |
Local/systemic, nasal drainage, sneezing, pruritis, headache, itchy watery eyes Anaphylaxis |
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Anaphylaxis |
Dyspnea, shortness of breath, wheezing, crackles, nausea, vomiting, flush heat, angioedema or face swelling |
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Type 1 hypersensitivity |
Wbc count, eosinophils (inceased), skin testing scratch test |
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Type 1 hypersensitivity |
Discontinue agent, administer 100% nonrebreather, elevate head of bed, give meds Antihistamine (diaphenhydramine hydrochloride), corticosteroid, bronchodialators, epinephrine, decongestant, vasosuppressors |
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Type 2 hypersensitivity |
Erythroblastosis fetalis rh sensitization |
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Type 2 hypersensitivity |
Sub 1: complement antibody cell destruction igm and igg |
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Type 2 hypersensitivity |
Sub 2: complement and antibody receptor mediated inflammation |
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Type 2 hypersensitivity |
Sub 3: antibody mediated cellular dysfunction (antibodies bind to cell surface receptors) |
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Type 2 hypersensitivity |
Remove medication or blood product causing reaction remobe blood from plasma |
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Type 3 hypersensitivity |
Immune complex mediated reactions (bodies ability to rid itself of antigen antibody immune complexes) |
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Type 3 hypersensitivity |
Fever, arthralgia, lyphadenopathy (swollen lyph) malaise, polyarthritis, nephritis, urticaria (hives) patchy rash, edema and angioedema |
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Type 3 hypersensitivity |
Removal of offending agent, asprin, antihistamine, epinephrine, corticosteroid (prednisone) |
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Type 4 hypersensitivity |
Delayed type hypersensitivity (poisen ivy, mantoux test for tb, latex test) cell mediated immune memory responce or antibody independent |
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Type 4 hypersensitivity |
Positive tb wheal and flare reaction, latex dermatitis, rhinitis, pharyngeal edema, Local skin reaction, conjuncticitivs, rhinitis |
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Type 5 hypersensitivity |
Antibody mediated cellular dysfunction (leads to change in cell function not lead to cell death) Stimulatory reaction |
