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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The complex mass of neural cells and related cells encased in the skull.
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Brain
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The nerve fibers in the spinal column.
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Spinal cord
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An individual nerve cell
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Neuron
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Scientist who discovered neurons in the early 1900's.
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Ramon y Cajal
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The central part of the nerve cell that contains the nucleus or the cell's control center.
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Cell Body
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Small branches that extend out from the cell body and receive messages from other neurons.
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Dendrites
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Small branches at the end of the cell body that send, transmit, or carry away messages to the next neuron
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Axons
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A brief electrical signal that travels the length of the axon.
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Action potential
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Small space between two neurons.
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Synaptic gap
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Chemical substance, produced by axons, that transmit messages across the synapse
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Neurotransmitters
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Tiny vessels containing stored quantities of the neurtranmitter substance held in the synaptic knobs of the axon.
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Synaptic vesicles
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Knoblike tips of axons
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Synaptic knobs
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There are as many as __________ different neurotranmitters.
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50
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Made of the brain and the spinal cord.
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Central Nervous System
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Made up of nerves that branch from the brain and spinal cord to all parts of the body
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Peripheral Nervous system
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Neurons that transmit messages from sense organs to the central nervous system
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afferent neurons
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Neurons that transmit messages from the central nervous system to organs and muscles.
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Efferent Neurons
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The peripheral nervous system is further divided into the _________ and _______ nervous system.
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Somatic and Autonomic nervous system
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Autonomic nervous system is divided into the __________ and the ________ division.
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Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
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"Calms" visceral organs after arousal.
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Parasympathetic
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Activates visceral organs during emotional arousal or when physical demands are made on the body.
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Sympathetic
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Uses electrodes to record electrical activity of the brain
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Electroencephalogram (EEG)
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Produces x-ray images
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Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
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Detects magnetic activity form the nuclei of atoms in the cells and creates detailed views of the brain structure and function.
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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
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Lowest part of the brain located at the rear base of the skull.
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Hindbrain
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Small area at top of the hindbrain that serves primarily as a center for postural reflexes, particularly those associated senses.
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Midbrain
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Covers the hindbrain and midbrain and fill much of the skull.
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Forebrain
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The part of the forebrain that primarily routes sensory messages to appropriate parts of the brain.
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Thalamus
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Small part of the forebrain involved with motives, emotions, and the functions of the autonomic nervous system
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Hypothalamus
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Part of the brain that works with the hupothalamus in emotional arousal.
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Limbic System
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Part of the limbic system that plays a role in emotional arousal and memory.
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Hippocampus
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Largest structure in the forebrain
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cerebral Cortex
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Part of skull behind forehead and extend back to middle of top of head.
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Frontal
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Located just behind frontal lobes at top of skull
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Parietal Lobes
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Extend backward from the ares of temples
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Temporal lobes
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Located at base of back of head, fartherest from eyes but its most important function is in processing sensory information from the eyes
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Occipital lobes
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Two halves of the cerbral cortex.
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Right and Left Cerbral Hemispheres
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The right hemisphere primarly controls the _____ side of the body, and the left hemisphere controls the _____ side of body.
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left; right
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Appears to be more involved in processing information about shapes and locations of thing in space.
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Right Hemisphere
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More involved in language?
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Left Hemisphere
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Left hemisphere is more involved with _______ emotions and the right is more involved with _____ emotions. (negative or positive)
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positive; negative
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The ability of parts of the brain to acquire new functions that replace the functions of a damaged part of the brain.
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Plasticity
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The system of glands that secrets hormones
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endocrine system
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Structures in the body that secrete substances
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glands
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Chemical substances, produced by endocrine glands, the influence internal glands.
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hormones
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Sequences of base pairs that contain all the information needed to influence some aspect of a structure or function of the body
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Genes
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strands of DNA in cells
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Chromosomes
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The uniting of sperm and ovum, which produces a zygote.
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fertilization
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The stable cell resulting from fertilization
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zygote
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A sex cell, which contains 23 Chromosomes instead of the normal 46.
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Gamete
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How many chromosomes does the normal cell have?
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46
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In Down Syndromes, there is a problem with the ______ chromosome.
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21
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Twins formeed from a single ovum.
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monozygotic twins
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Twins formed from the fertilization of two ova by two sperm.
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Dizygotic Twins
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