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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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List the three main principles of cell theory? |
1. All organisms are composes of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest units of life 3. All cells come from pre-existing cells |
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State the use of scale bars and stated magnifications |
They determine the actual size of specimens |
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Explain why is it essential that a cell maintains a high surface area to volume ratio. |
It is essential for successful existance. Ex. As a cell increases in size, the volume increases much faster than the surface are, thus decreasing the surface area to volume ratio for a cell. This decreases the cells chances of success |
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Explain what is means for cells to have emergent proprieties |
The interaction of the parts of the cell result in the whole being greater than the sum |
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Explain why specialization of cells occur in multicellular organisms |
Specialization occurs as a result of differential expression of genes in a multicellular organism. |
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Name a type of cell that has yet to go through the differentiation process |
Stem Cells; because of this they maintain the ability to differentiate along different pathways. Stem cells are in most major types of tissues |
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List some therapeutic uses of stem cells |
Stem cells are used in the replacement of damaged bone marrow cells in leukemia patients. Future: it may become possible to treat conditions like Alzheimer's and Parkinson ' disease with stem cells |
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List the parts of a Prokaryotic cell |
ribosomes, a cell wall, a cell membrane, a nucleotide region, and, in most cases, plasmids |
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Name the process that divides Prokaryotic cells |
Binary fission |
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Determine where DNA is located in Prokaryotic cells |
Nucleoid region; it is circular and does not associate with proteins. |
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Explain how Eukaryotic cells are able to exhibit more compartmentalization than Prokaryotic cells. |
Eukaryotic cells have organelles which best demostrate this. Organelles include mitochondrian, chloroplasts, nuclei, vacuoles, Golgi apparatus, endo plasmid reticulum, and lyosomes. |
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List some examples of passive transport |
Diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis |
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Determine the differences between animal and plant Eukaryotic cells |
Animal cells have centrioles Plant cells have chloroplasts Plant cells have larger vacuoles Plants cells have cell walls |
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List some examples of active transport |
Endocytosis, exocytosis, and the sodium - potassium pump |
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Explain why it is essential that the plasma membrane has a degree of fluidity |
So that shape changes can occur to allow endocytosis and exocytosis |
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Define the endosymbiotic theory |
The theory states: about 2 billion years ago, a bacterium took up residence inside a very simple Eukaryotic cell. This was the first step I'm the development of the organelles seen in Eukaryotic cells toaday |
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Define interphase and list some metabolic activities that occur in this phase |
Interphase is the point in the cell cycle in which the cell is busy carrying out the functions for which it is designated through differentiation. Metabolic activities include: protein synthesis DNA replication, and organelle reproduction |
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List the four stages of mitosis |
1. Prophase 2. Metaphase 3. Anaphase 4. Telaphase |
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List the three processes involved in cell division |
Mitosis Nuclear division Cytokinesis (a cytoplasmic division) |
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Describe the process of supercoiling |
Supercoiling is when DNA wraps around spherical proteins called histone to form nucleosomes. |
