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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the difference in role between a vein and artery? |
Vein - delivers oxygenatedblood to the heart from the organs
Artery - delivers oxygenated blood at high pressure from the heart to organs |
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what is the function of the aorta? |
Delivers blood from the heart to all other organs except the lungs
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What is the function of the pulmonary artery? |
Delivers blood from the heart to the lungs
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What is the role of the vena cava?
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Delivers deoxygenated blood from the organs to the heart
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To which heart chamber does the vena cava first deliver blood to?
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To the right atrium
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To which chamber does blood from the right atrium flow to?
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The right ventricle
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Through which valve does blood from the right atrium flow into the right ventricle?
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The tricuspid valve
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Where does blood from the right ventricle flow into?
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The pulmonary artery
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Through which valve does blood from the right ventricle flow into the pulmonary artery?
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The pulmonary valve
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Into which heart chamber does blood from the pulmonary veins flow into?
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The left atrium
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Where does blood from the left atrium flow into?
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The Left ventricle
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What the is term for the valves between the ventricles and arteries?
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Semilunar valves
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What the is term for the valves between the atrium and ventricle?
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Atrioventricular valves
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Define systolic pressure
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The maximum blood pressure level in the arteries
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Define diastolic pressure
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The minimum blood pressure level in the arteries
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Define vasoconstriction
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The narrowing of artery walls to increase blood presure
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Define vasoconstriction
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The expanding of artery walls to decrease blood presure
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Name 6 physical characteristics of veins
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* much larger than 10 μm
* thin wall * wide lumen * consists of 3 layers * contains few elastic fibers * contains valves |
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Name 5 physical characteristics of arteries
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* Larger than 10 μm
* thick wall * narrow lumen * consists of 3 layers (sometimes more) * muscle and elastic fibers in cell wall |
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Name 4 physical charateristics of cappilaries
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*around 10μm* extremely thin wall* consists of one thin layer*semi-permeable cell walls
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What is the role of the sinoatrial node?
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To act as the pacemaker controlling the heartbeat rate
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What is the role of the sympathetic nerve?
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To activate noradrenaline to increase heartrate
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What is the role of the parasympathetic nerve?
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To activate acetycholine to decrease heartrate
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What is the role of platelets in blood clotting? |
When activated, undergo a structural change to form a sticky plug in the site of damage |
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What is the role of fibrin strands? |
Form a insoluble mesh/net of fibres to trap blood cells at site of damage |
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What releases clotting factors? |
Damaged cells Platelets |
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What do clotting factors do to platelets? |
Cause platelets to become sticky and adhere to damaged region to form a plug |
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What do clotting factors do to the local blood vessel? |
Activate local vasoconstriction to reduce blood flow to the damaged region |
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What do clotting factors do to prothrombin? |
change inactive prothrombin into the activated enzyme thrombin |
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What is the role of thrombin? |
Catalyses the conversion of soluble fibrinogen into the insoluble and fibrous fibrin |
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What is the difference between fibrinogen and fibrin? |
Fibrinogen is a soluble plasma protein Fibrin is insoluble and is created from thrombin by the catalysis of fibrinogen |
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What is the role of the enzyme plasmin in blood clotting? |
After the damaged region is repaired, plasmin is activated to dissolve the clot. |
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What is coronary thrombosis? |
The formation of a blood clot within the coronary arteries which may block blood flow and lead to a heart attack |
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Briefly explain how coronary thrombosis occurs |
* There is damage to the artery endothelium * Cholesterol entering the damaged artery wall are digested by phagocytes to form a plaque * The plaque progressively narrows the diameter of the lumen * If the plaque bursts, a blood clot will form inside the arteries, stopping blood flow and usually lead to a heart attack |
