Ib Biology

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Photosynthesis

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formula: CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2.

occurs in plants, and in some bacteria, wherever there is sufficient sunlight (on land, in shallow water, even inside and below the clear ice)

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Chemosynthesis

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formula: CO2 + 4H2S + O2 --> CH20 + 4S + 3H2O

is the use of energy released by inorganic chemical reactions

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cellular respiration

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occurs in mitochondrion.

formula: C6H12O6 + 02 --> CO2 + H20 +ATP

is the process of oxidizing food molecules, like glucose, to water and carbon dioxide.

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Glycolysis

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the brekaown of glucose to pyruvic acid

(in eukaryotes, glycolysis occurs in the cytosol. andthe remaining processes takes place un mitochondrion.

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locomotion

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is the movement of whole organism; movement or the ability to move from one place to another

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homeostasis

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means keeping things constant

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multicellular

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is complex organism, made up of many cells.

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unicellular

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consists of only a single cell

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metabolism

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a chemical process that occur in a living organism in order to maintain life.

metabolism can be subdivided into anabolism and catabolism.

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anabolism

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organisms make complex molecules from simpler ones.

metabolic process that builds molecules the body needs.

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catabolism

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metabolic process that breaks down large molecules into smaller molecules.

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phospholipid

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a lipid consisting of a glycerol ound to two fatty acids and a phosphate group.

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species

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a group of similar organism, they are able to breed together, and their offspring are fertile

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population

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a group individuals of the same species which live in a particular area at any one time

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habitat

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a place where a community lives

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ecosystem

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habitat + ecosystem, and ecological unit that includes all the organism living in a particular area + abiotic (non-living) factors, // size differs, from small lakes to jungles, for example.

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ecology

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the study of relationships between living organisms and between organisms and their environment

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population growth

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slows down as resource become scarce and a population near its carrying capacity

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carrying capacity

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the populaion of a species that can be supported in a specific area without depleting resources.

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ecological niche

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functional position/role of an organism in its environment

what it eats, what it does, who it eats, where it lives, how much resources it uses.....

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environmental resistance

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the sum of environmental factors that restrict the population growth (lack of food, parasitic infections...)

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boom-and-bust

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population overshoots the carrying capacity after that follows quick decline, it can lead to environmental damage and lower carrying capacity permanently

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mutualism

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both species benefit from association. it can be facultative or obligate. obligate is often called symbiosis.

(+/+)

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commensalism

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one species benefits and another is not affected or harmed by the association (+/0)

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ammensalism

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the presence of one species has a harmful effect on each other. no on benefits from the situation

(0/0)

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allelopathy

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one species benefits py producing a chemical substance that inhibit the growth of another organisms (+/-)

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competition

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