Ib Biology

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Biotic

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pertaining to life.

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Abiotic

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of or characterized by the absence of life or living organisms.

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Types of Species Interaction:

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Neutralism- Where two species have no interaction at all.
Predation- When one organism feeds on another.
Mutualism- Type of symbiotic relationship where two species of organisms live together and benefit from the interaction.
Competition- When more than one species is seeking the same limited resource.
Commensalism- Where one species derives a benefit from the other species and the other species is not harmed by the relationship nor does it benefit from it.

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Niche

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The ecological role and space that an organism fills in an ecosystem.

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Biomass

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the amount of living matter in a given habitat, expressed either as the weight of organisms per unit area or as the volume of organisms per unit volume of habitat.

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Energy movement within ecosystems

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Sun--->Producers--->Consumers--->Decomposers--->Inorganic Nutrient Pool

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Nutrient movement within ecosystems

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he movement and exchange of organic and inorganic matter back into the production of living matter.

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Succession

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The progressive replacement of one dominant type of species or community by another in an ecosystem until a stable climax community is established.

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Community

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An ecological unit composed of a group of organisms or a population of different species occupying a particular area, usually interacting with each other and their environment.

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Habitat

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The home to a particular organism where the species will attempt to be as adaptive as possible to that particular environment.

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Ecosystems

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A system that includes all living organisms (biotic factors) in an area as well as its physical environment (abiotic factors) functioning together as a unit.

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Biomes

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A major ecological community of organisms adapted to a particular climatic or environmental condition on a large geographic area in which they occur.

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Biodiversity

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The existence of a wide range of different types of organisms in a given place at a given time. The diversity of plant and animal life in a particular habitat (or in the world as a whole); a high level of biodiversity is desirable.Pertaining to the diversity and frequency of organisms in a given area.

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Biomagnification

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the increasing concentration of toxic substances within each successive link in the food chain.

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Effects of UV, CEC, Ozone

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CFC's deplete the ozone layer causing higher UV rays which can result in causing skin cancer.

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Chromosome Structure

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Every chromosome contains a single molecule of DNA spooled around histone protein cores, forming beads called nucleosomes. This combination of DNA and protein is called chromatin.

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Genes

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The fundamental, physical, and functional unit of heredity.

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Gel Electrophoresis

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a method for separation and analysis of macromolecules (DNA, RNA and proteins) and their fragments, based on their size and charge.

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Polymerase chain reaction

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amplifies a single or few copes of a piece of DNA.

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Clone

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A group of organisms or cells produced asexually from one ancestor or stock, to which they are genetically identical.

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Allele

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Different version of a gene that cause traits (Bb, BB)

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Genome

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a full set of chromosomes; all the inheritable traits of an organism.

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Meiosis

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A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each with half the chromosome number of the parent cell.
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telephase

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Crossing Over

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Crossing over is important because it results in new combinations of genes that are different from either parent, contributing to genetic diversity.

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Haploid

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Half the number of chromosomes than diploid, haploid cells are the result of meiosis

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diploid

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Two complete sets of chromosomes

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Homozygous

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i.e: BB

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Heterozygous

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i.e: Bb

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Test Cross

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when you have a dominant trait and you want to see if its homozygous or heterozygous you test it with someone with a recessive trait.