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170 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are some things that have been linked to lower sperm count?
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Pesticides, platics, and obesity.
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How much sperm is ejaculated?
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A teaspoon with 200 million - 400 million sperm
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Millions of sperm lost due to gravity.
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"Plop effect"
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Watery and stands assume a parallel oientation. Allows the sperm to pass through,
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Cervical mucus
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After the sperm passes though the oz where does it enter?
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the Uterus
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Once the sprem gets into the uterus how long does it take to reach the fallopian tubes?
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60 - 90 mins.
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Only about ____ sperm make it to the right fallopian tube,
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2000
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Few sprem are able to swim against the current cause by___.
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Cilia
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Loss of seminal protein coating that covers the sperm.
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Sperm Capacitation
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Egg gives off an oder that attracts the sperm
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Hyperactive
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"Attracts sperm"
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Fertile Ova
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Secretes "Bourgeonal"
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Ova
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Have odor receptors that changes the speed and direction of the sperm.
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Sperm cells
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Who determines your genetic sex?
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Dad
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Has "junk" which makes it heavier. But also has more genetic material.
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X
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Smaller and faster but has 2.8% less genetic material.
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Y
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There are a lot more miscarriages with boys or girls?
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Boys
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How does the sperm move?
Why? |
In a corkscrew fashion
So the movement bores into the egg. |
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Outer layer of the egg.
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Zona Pellucida
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Release of hyaluronidase enzyme. (Digests through the layers of the egg.)
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Acrosome Reaction
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As soon as the hyaluronidase enzyme hits the egg it....
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Explodes!
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What happens once the winner sprem gets into the egg?
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The Zona Pellucida thickens and gets hard.
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Once the ZP thickens it is called____.
This prevents _____. |
Block
polyspermy |
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Embryo undergoes a series of _______ _______. progressing through 2,4,8, and 16 cell stages.
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Cleavage divisions.
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Hormone that signifies pregnancy.
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HCG- Human Chrorionic Gonadotrophic.
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Sex during pregnancy is okay until....
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The start of labor.
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Sex intrest in the first trimester increases or decreases?
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Decreases
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Sex in the second trimester increases or decreases.
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Increases
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Sex in the third trimester in increases or decreases?
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Decreases
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Where does fertilization take place?
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Infundibum
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How long does it take for the cell to divide into two cells?
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36 hours
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Floats aroundin the uterus for 4 days.
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Blastocyst
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How long does implantation take?
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3-4 days.
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Outer Layer of cells.
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Trophblast layer
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What that baby is actually living in.
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Amniotic Fluid
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TOP
Skin Hair Nails |
Ecotderm
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MIDDLE
Muscles Bones Cartilidge |
Mesoderm
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INNER
Digestive track Respitory |
Endoderm
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Less expensive. Black and white, flat.
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2-D ultrasound
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Can see facial images and expressions
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3-D ultrasound
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Can see movement
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4-D ultrasound
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All the energy goes towards the head/brain. and starts in the middle and works its way out. So arms fingers and feet develop last.
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Central Axis Theory
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Third Week of Development:
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Blood vessels
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Fourth week of development:
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Primitive Heart
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End of first month:
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arm buds
leg buds |
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Second Month:
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Facial features
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Monozygotic Twins
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Identical Twins
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Dizygotic Twins
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Faternal Twins
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How do Dizygotic twins happen?
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Mom ovulates 2 different eggs and two sperm fertalize both eggs.
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Do identical twins hae the same fingerprints?
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NO
They are a product of thier environment. |
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The developing embryo begins to split into two but stops and matures before splitting all the way,
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Conjoined Twins
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Are conjoined twins more often male or female?
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female
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union of the trunk extending variable distances upward, Have two heads.
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Parapagus
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What percentage of conjoined twins are Parapagus?
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28%
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Conjoined at the rump
rear, at pelvis. Able to be seperated id the spine isnt conjoined. |
Pygopagus
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What percentage of conjoined twins are pygopagus?
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18%
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Cranial union.
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Crainopagus
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What percentage of conjoined twins are crainopagus?
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2%
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Extra fingers and toes.
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Polydactyly
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Clef palate
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clef lip
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Profoundly effects the fetal heart rate
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Ciggerette smoking
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Name effects of smoking while pregnant
- - - - |
-Increase heart rate
-stimulant -increased chance of SIDS -linked to reduce lung function -lowers intelligence |
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What lowers sperm count?
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Marujuana
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How long does it take for the pot to get out of the body?
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6 months
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If smoking pot while trying to get pregnant, the sperm will _____ before reaching the egg.
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Deteriorate.
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What effects does pot hae on the fetus
- - - |
-chormosomal damage
-decreased androgen prduction interfering with the sexual differation. -neurological and visual problems |
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Name characteristics of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
- - - - - - - |
-underdeveloped jaw
-small head -short nose -small eye openings -mental retardation -lack of coordination -deformed limbs -heat problmes |
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Fetal head settles in the pelvis.
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Dropping
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Braxton-Hicks contractions
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False labor
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How big does the oz have to dialate to for birth?
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10cm
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estrogen for the ____ increase _____ receptors in the ______
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ovaries
oxytocin uterus |
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Oxytocin form the ____ stimulates the uterus to ____
which stimulates the _____ to make _____. |
fetus
contract placenta prostoglandins |
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First stage of Labor is...
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efface and dialation of the cervix.
-transition |
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The second stage of labor is...
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Cervix is fully dialated,
baby moves into the birth canal |
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The third stage of labor is....
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the placenta is expelled.
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what is the estimated annual cases of STD's?
-worldwide -usa |
worldwide- 340 million
USA- 18 million |
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One out of _ will contract and STD between the ages of 15 and _.
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4
55 |
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__ of cases of STDs occur in ages __ or younger.
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2/3
25 |
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1 in 5 individuals have this,
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Herpes
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Can be cured with antibiotics
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bacterial infections
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Name the 3 bacterial infections.
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Gonorrehea
Syphilis Chlamydia |
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Requires a warm moist environment.
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Gonorrhea
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Can you pass gonorrhea by kissing?
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YES
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Symptoms of male gonorrhea:
- - - - |
penile discharge
-swelling in the grion -urination burning -epididymitis |
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Epididymitis
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LEADS TO INFERTILITY
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Female Gonorreah symptoms:
lead to ___ ___ ___ which causes ____ pain ___ and _____ |
pelvic inflammatory disease
cevical pain discharge INFERTILITY |
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When did the Tuskegee Syphilis Study take place?
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1932 -1972
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What was the purpose of the Tuskegee Sypilis study?
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To watch the progression of the disease.
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How many african american males were denied treatment for the TSS?
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399
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You can get this from bacteria on infected skin or moucus membranes.
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Syphilis
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Stage one of Syphilis
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Chancre sore
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Stage 2 of Syphilis
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Rash
after 6 weeks |
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Stage 3 of Sphilis
AKA |
Gumma- skin lesion
Latent stage |
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bacteria in Syphilis can lay dormant for how many years?
What does the bacteria do? |
1- 40 years.
Goes to differenet organs and invades them causing gummas. |
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What type of antibiotic do you take for syphilis?
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Penicillin
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The Silent Epidemic.
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Chlamydia
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PID
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pelvic infammatory disease =
INFERTILITY |
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parasite with A-sexual reproduction.
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Protozoan
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Trichomoniasis
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"Trich"
protozoan |
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A websight desinged to tell your partener you have a STD
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inSpot.com
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Where did HI orginate?
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Chimps
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How did humans get the HIV?
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uncooked primate meat in Africa.
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What year did America get the HIV virus?
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1969
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HIV is known as the "___ virus"
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Retro
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HIV has a ___ surface that binds to white blood cells and ___ cells.
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spiked
CD4 cells |
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involved in fighting infections and pathogens.
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B cells
C cells |
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Help fight infections
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CD4 cells
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What is a normal persons CD4 cell count?
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1000
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A person with HIV CD4 cells starts to ___
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drop
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How many CD4 cells does a person have to have AIDS?
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200 or lower.
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Can you get HIV through breast milk?
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YES
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It is in animal trials and it's job is to eat the HIV virius when enjected into the body,
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NanoViricides Inc.
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Seame Street charchter in Africa that teaches about HIV.
What year was she introduced |
Kammi
2007 |
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how many people in S, Africa are HIV pos?
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5.5 million
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What is brought on by stress?
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Herpes
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Type 1 herpes.
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Oral herpes
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Type 2 herpes
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genital herpes
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Red Ring
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Herpes
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Herpes antivrial drug
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Valtrex
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Over half of sexually active highschool and college females are infected with
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HPV
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Do most people have symptoms of HPV?
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NO
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What is the HPV vaccine?
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Gardasil
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Pubic Lice
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Crabs
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Can be seen with the naked eye. What do they do?
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Crabs,
attach to pubic hair feed on blood. |
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What shampoo kills crabs?
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Kwell
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Steel wool soaked in dates, honey, and acacia.
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Controceptive Tampon
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Where was the conrtoceptive tampon invented? nd what year?
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Egypt
1555 bc |
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Sea sponge from the ocean soaked in lemon juice. placed in the vag.
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Barrior method
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1873 Comstok Law
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prohibited birth control
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Prohibited birth control
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1873 Comstock Law
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Who created the National Birth Control League?
What year? |
Margaret Sanger
1914 |
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What year were physicians able to distribute info about birthcontrol?
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1918
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What werent physisans allowed to say about condems?
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That they will prevent pregnancy.
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What year was Roe vs. Wade?
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1973
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Supreme Court desicion to allow the termination of unwanted pregnancies.
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Roe vs. Wade
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Intercourse is advoided during times of high fertility, (ovulation).
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Rythem Method
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calender method.
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Cycle beads.
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male sterilization
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vasectomy
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Vasovacsecctomy
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reversal vasectomy
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How many times should a man ejaculate before becoming sexually active after a vasectomy?
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20 times.
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light viewing lens.
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Laparoscope
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tubal ligation
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tubes tied
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pubic hair line incision
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minilaparotomy
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go up through the back of the vag.
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Culpotomy
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The removal of part or all of the reproductive tract.
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Hysterertomy
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A lot of time they in the ___ during a hysterectomy becuase of the ____.
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Ovaries
hormones |
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Reversal tubal ligation works best under the age of...
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35
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90% of abortions are done this way in the 1st trimester.
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Vacuum Aspiration
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D and C
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Dilation and Curettage
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Dialates the cervix to remove what is inside of the utereus.
What trimester can this be done? |
D and C
1st trimester. |
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D and E
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Dialation and Evacuation
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dialates the cervix and then vacuums out the fetus. what stage?
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D and E
Early 2nd trimester. |
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early birth, insert prostaglandins and infise them into the amniotic sac.
What stage? |
Intra-amniotic Infusion
late 2nd trimester |
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Sea section type abortion
what stage? |
Hysterotomy
late second trimester. |
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injection of mifepridtone does what?
What type of abortion is this? When can this be done? |
blocks progesterone
causes early contractions. RV486 a couple of weeks of being pregnant. |
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Very high does of progesterone
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Minipill
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Placed into the uterus, T shape with coppor on it,
WHen do most girls get this? |
Copper T IUD
When rapped |
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Is EC considered abortion?
why? |
NO
beacuse it prevents the sperm and egg from coming together. |
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Inhibits ovulation,
prevents sperm from reaching the egg reduces the likihood of implantations. |
Plan B, Preven
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Most effective REVERSIBLE method of birth control.
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the pill
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one type of hormone
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monophasic
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2 hormones
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biphasic
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3 hormones
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triphasic
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fools the brain acting as if pregnant.
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combined pill
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inhibates FSH production so fillicle is not growing when on the pill
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Estrogen
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Stops/inhibates ovulation
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Progesterone
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makes cervical mucus thicker and more acidic
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progesterone
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inhibits the development of the endometrium
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progesterone
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effectiveness of condom
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97%
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effectiveness of implanon
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100%
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