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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Female Gonads that produce sex hormones and gametes
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Ovaries
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Egg transport, site of fertilization
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Fallopian Tubes
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Site of embryonic and fetal development
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Uterus
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Female copulatory organ, birth canal
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Vagina
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Labia majora, labia minora, clitoris
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External genitalia
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3 ligaments of the Ovaries
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1. Ovarian ligament: medially to uterus
2. Suspensory ligament: laterally to pelvic wall 3. Mesovarium of broad ligament: continuous with peritoneum, suspends female internal sex organs in pelvis |
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2 coverings of Ovaries
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1. Tunica Albuginea (inner)
2. Tunica Vaginalis (outer) |
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2 areas of the ovaries (inner, outer)
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Outer: cortex; ovarian follicles w/ oocytes
Inner: medulla; blood vessels, nerves |
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Ovarian cysts
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- benign
- fluid filled or solid - secret abnormal amounts of steroids - polycystic ovary syndrome; may lead to infertility |
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Ovarian cancer
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- fairly common
- poor prognosis; 60% die - poor screening techniques - hereditary like breast cancer (10%) - treatments: cisplatin and taxol, remove ovaries |
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Distal end of Fallopian Tube
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Ampulla -> Infundibulum -> Fimbriae
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Fimbriae
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- ciliated, finger-like projections
- erectile tissue - engorge at ovulation |
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Internal wall of Fallopian Tube
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1. ciliated; most abundant near distal end, beat towards uterus
2. non-ciliated; secretory cells, nourish egg and sperm |
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External wall of Fallopian Tube
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- smooth muscle
- inner circular - outer longitudinal - peristaltic movements and ciliary activity; move egg toward uterus |
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Proximal End of Fallopian Tube
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- uterotubal junction
- constricted at isthmus |
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Ligament of Fallopian Tube
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mesosalpinx of broad ligament
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Parts of Uterus
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- Fundus
- Body - Cervical canal (internal os, external os) |
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Normal slant of uterus
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- anteverted; slanted forwards
- retroverted may cause infertility |
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Perimetrium
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- Outer layer of uterine wall
- CT layer continuous w/ peritoneum |
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Myometrium
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- Middle layer of uterine wall
- smooth muscle & CT - undetectable rhythmic contractions when non-pregnant - muscle fibres 50um non-pregnant, 500um pregnant, - mass increases 24x during pregnancy |
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Endometrium
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- Inner layer of uterine wall
- stratum basalis (basale); thin generative layer, rapid mitosis - stratum functionalis; thicker layer, cyclic changes, shed as menstrual flow, develops maternal part of placent |
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Increased size of uterus during pregnancy is due to...
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- enlargement of muscle cells
- increased number of cells - increase in amount of connective tissue (esp. collagen) - collagen for strength - elastic fibers for flexibility and stretch |
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Blood supply to endometrium
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- arcuate arteries from myometrium
- branch into radial arteries - branch to form straight arteries (in stratum basalis) - branch to form coiled/spiral arteries (in stratum functionalis) - cyclical changes in coiled/spiral arteries |
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Uterine Cervix (5 points)
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- entry to uterus
- extends into vagina - internal and external os - lining is same as rest of uterus - undergoes changes during menstrual cycle but is not shed |
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4 Ligaments of the Uterus
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1. Mesometrium part of broad ligament
2. Lateral cervical ligaments; cervix to pelvic wall 3. Uterosacral ligaments; uterus to sacrum 4. Round ligaments; uterus to internal tissues of labia majora through inguinal canal |
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Function of Ligaments
Support of Uterus |
- allow movement relative to bladder and bowel
- muscles of pelvic floor; usually weakened after pregnancy leading to incontinence and prolapse of uterus |
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Inner and Outer wall of Vagina
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Outer: CT & longitudinal muscle
Inner: stratified squamos epithelium, rugae (series of folds for distension), no glands |
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Vaginal secretions
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- come from cervical mucus glands
- secretions & degenerating vaginal epithelial cells contain mucus and glycogen - pH of 3.5-4 - transudation during intercourse - distal vaginal mucosa; partial partition = Hymen - occasionally imperforate hymen |
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Glands at vaginal opening
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- Introital glands
- Greater and Lesser Vestibular glands |
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Vulva
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- external genitalia
- mons pubis - labia majora - labia minora - vaginal orifice (introitus) - vestibule |
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Mons Pubis
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- covered with hair
- fatty area lying over pubic symphysis |
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Labia Majora
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- large, fatty skin folds covered with hair
- homologous with scrotum |
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Labia Minora
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- thin skin folds, hairless
- contain numerous sebaceous glands - secrete smegma - homologous to corpus spongiosum |
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Vestibule
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- urethral opening
- clitoris - vaginal opening; introitus - greater vestibular glands (bartholin's glands); cowper's glands - lesser vestibular glands (skene's glands); prostate - perinium |
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Clitoris
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- highly innervated, erectile
- homologous to corpora cavernosa - covered by hood of skin called prepuce - neither urinary nor reproductive tract runs through it |
