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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Natural Philosophy
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Science and religion in close harmony: intricacies of nature signs of gods wonder.
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Chain of Being
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Relationship between organisms reflecting belief in progress
Snake->Lizard->Turtle |
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Linnaeus
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Developed modern system of classification
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Baron Georges Cuvier
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Founder of Catastrophism
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Catastrophism
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Belief that a series of mass extinctions followed by periods of creation explained creatures
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Anthropocentric
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Belief of humans as superior, unique in field of study
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Uniformitarianism
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Founded by Lyell, found gradual changes geologically can make big results.
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Paleoanthropology
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the study of the physical and behavioral aspects of humans in prehistory
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Terrestriality
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a mode of locomotion in which the animal remains confined to the ground
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Bipedality
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upright walking on the two hind legs
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Encephalization
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the process of brain enlargement
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Culture(4 stages)
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the sum total of human behavior, including technological, mythological, esthetic and institutional activities
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Darwins unique human characteristics
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Intelligence, Manual Dexterity, TEchnology, and Uprightness of posture
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Progenitors
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ancestors
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NeoDarwinism
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fusion of Darwinism, Mendel genetics and statistics to prove natural selection is an important engine of evolutionary change
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macroevolution
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trends among groups of species
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microevolution
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minute modifications within species
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survival of the fittest
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incorrect term not used by Darwin
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differential reproductive success
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traits which increase chances of reproduction are passeed on
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adaptive landscape
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the setting in which phenotypes are expressed, and which favors certain traits over others
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convergent
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distantly related species occupy similar ecological niches by parallel evolution
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analogy vs homology
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analogy-parallel evolution
homology-shared ancestry evolution |
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alleles
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variants of each gene
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homozygous vs heterozygous
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homozygous-identical variants of a gene
heterozygous-two alleles differ so one is dominant |
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phenotype vs genotype
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phenotype-trait expressed in environment
Genotype-genetic code |
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Gradualism vs punctuated equilibrium
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gradualism-slow change over time
punctuated equilibrium-long periods of stability with short periods of rapid change |
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Anthropology
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anthros-man
logos-the study of |
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Porperties of Anthropological Research
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1. Holism-Parts integrated into the whole
2. Comparative-parts between different wholes must be compared |
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4 Field Approach, 1st field
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1. Cultural Anthropology (social, socio-cultural)
ethnography and participant observation |
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4 Field approach, 2nd field
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Archeology-studies material culture
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4 Field approach, 3rd field
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Biological/Physical-human biological diversity in time and space
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4 Field approach, 4th field
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LInguistics
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Characteristicws of science
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Systematic
Empiracal Logical Theoretical Sself critical Limits Bias Public |
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Deduction vs induction
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Deduction-theory to facts
Induction-facts to theories |
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Founder effect
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small isolated gene pool leads to more mutations
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Allopatricc speciation
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new species by founder effect, isolated
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Sympatic speciation
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not isolated
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vicariance
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creation of allopatric populations from once continuous populations
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Eurybiomic vs Stenobiomic
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species that can survive in multiple areas
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What Darwin Changed(6)
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1. No supernatural
2. No essentialism 3. No Teleology-no destination, goasl or progress 4. No determinism-prediction is impossible 5. New understanding -no cartesian gulf 6. New ethics-ethics are necessary for survival, that's why we have them |
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Objections (6)
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1. Just a theory
2. Why monkey's 3. Complexity 4, No transitions 5. No new species 6. Scientists Argue |
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Example of evolution in everyday life
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1. Pregnancy-morning sickness
2. Kinship-cortisol levels 3.Loving/mating-Parental investment 4. Parenting-birth order 5. Death-age and procreation |
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Recipe for natural selection
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1. Overproduction
2. Variation 3. Selection 4. Inheritance |
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LaMarck
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acquired characteristics (blacksmith sons)
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Malthus
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Poor people of Europe-population pressure
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