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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Problems of Direct Dating(2)
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1) Can't apply directly to most objects
2) Can't risk artifact depesLstruction |
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Direct Dating Types
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Carbon 14
Electron Spin Resonance Thermoluminesence dating |
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Indirect methods
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apply dating techniques to objects found in layer
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Indirect method types
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stratigraphic layer
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Relative Dating
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compare site to others
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Types of Relative Dating (2)
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1) Faunal correlation-study other fossils near specimen
2)paleomagnetism-measure iron-grain orientation in rocks to determine polarity of earth |
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Absolute dating methods
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Radiopotassium dating
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Taphonomy
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study of the process by which bones become fossilized
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Prognathic
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Protruding Cranium
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Catarrhine evolution
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1) Fossil record locations insonsistant with modern reality
2) Now more abundant and diverse Old World Monkeys Then Apes 3. Apes only smaller in diversity |
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Algeripithecus minutus
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Pronograde-body parallel to ground
Orthograde-body vertical Intermembral index-arm to leg length ratio |
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Artifacts
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portable objects
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Features
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nonportable aspects
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Eco-facts
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culturally important natural objects
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Matrix
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material that surrounds artifacts
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ProvenienceTrans
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where something comes from
the location of artifacts and features in 3-D space |
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Association
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where something comes from
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Cultural Transformation Processes
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humans affecting sites
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Natural Transformation Processes
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Bacteria
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Techniques
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Survey, test pit, telephone booth, trench, open area excavation
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Relative Dating Techniques
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General Time period
Stratigraphy Typology Seration C-14 Goes back 40kya Pottasium Argon before 200kya Dendrochronology-tree ring dating |
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Primate models
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tries to find a close ancestor
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Phylogenetic models
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identifies basic shared behavioral characteristics amoung humans and african apes
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mosaic evolution
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the process by which different aspects of a species morphology evolve at different rates
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Biomechanics of bipedalism
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striding gait, swing phase, stance phase
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Paleocene
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65-55mya
Impossible to tell primates apart from others in mammal Fossil material scarce |
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Eocene
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55-34
Easy to I.D. primates Many eocene fossils look like prosimians Over 60 recognized genre Adaptave radiatiation |
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Adapoidea-
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contains canceous adapus notharctus and smilodectes
1)larger brain cases 2)Post Orbital Bar 3)Nails, no claws 4)Eyes rotated forward |
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ONomyoidea
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looks less like lemurs
Anthropoid ancestors? |
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Farum depression ne
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near cairo
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Oligocene 34-23mya
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Anthropoids emerge
Lots of adaptive radiation 1)Apidium-most abundent -size of a squirrel -2-1-3-3 dental formula 2)Propliopithecus -2-1-2-3 -bigger fossils (cat sized) 3)Aegyptopithecus -ONe of the biggest fayum animals -slow moving quadraped -sexual dimorphism |
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Miocene 23-5mya
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period of apes or hominoids
wide range of fossils from up to 1000 individuals Lots of debate Proconsul, Pryopithecus and Sivapithecus |
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Proconsul
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some in open woodlands
terrestrial quadrapeds 2-1-2-3 dental formula Genus varies in size 8-150 pounds Brain size similar to modern monkey |
