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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How do you test for glucose? |
Add Benedicts reagent to a sample If the test is positive a brick red precipitate will form |
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How do you test for starch? |
Add iodine solution to the sample If starch is present, the sample changes from browny-orange to blue-black |
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What is the function of proteins? |
Needed for growth and repair of tissue, and to provide energy in emergencies |
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What is vitamin c needed for? |
To prevent scurvy |
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What is vitamin d needed for? |
Calcium absorption |
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What is vitamin a needed for? |
To improve vision, keep hair and skin healthy |
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What is calcium needed for? |
To make bones and teeth |
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What is iron needed for? |
To make haemoglobin |
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What is fibre needed for? |
Aids the movement of food through the gut |
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How do you calculate energy in food in joules (from experimental data)? |
Mass of water x temp change of water x 4.2 |
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What do digestive enzymes do? |
Break down big, insoluble molecules into small, soluble ones |
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What does amylase do? |
Breaks down starch into maltose |
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What does maltase do? |
Breaks down maltose into glucose |
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What do proteases do? |
Break down proteins into amino acids |
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What do lipases do? |
Convert lipids into glycerol and fatty acids |
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Where is bile produced and stored? |
Produced - liver Stored - gall bladder |
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How does bile make conditions in the stomach better for enzymes? |
Bile is alkali - it neutralises the HCl acid in the stomach and makes conditions alkali Enzymes in the small intestine work best in alkaline conditions |
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What does bile do to fat? |
Bile emulsifies fat - turns large lipid globules into an emulsion of small droplets This increases thw surface area of the lipid, so the enzyme lipase has more area to work on, which mskes digestion faster |
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What is the oesophagus? |
The muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach |
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What is the function of the pancreas? |
Produces protease, amylase and lipase enzymes, then releases these into the small intestine |
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What is peristalsis? |
The squeezing action (waves of circular muscle contractions) by the muscular tissue all the way down the alimentary canal This squeezes boluses through the gut |
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What is the order of the digestive process? |
Ingestion Digestion Absorption Assimilation Egestion |
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What is digestion? |
The break down of large, insoluble molecules into small, soluble ones |
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What are the two types of digestion? |
Mechanical (e.g. teeth and stomach muscles) Chemical (enzymes and bile) |
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What is absorption? |
Moving molecules through the walls of the intestines into the blood |
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Where are digested food molecules absorbed? |
Small intestine |
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Where is water absorbed? |
Large intestine |
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What is assimilation? |
When digested molecules move into body cells and become part of the cells |
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What happens to undigested food? |
It forms faeces, which are egested via the anus |
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How is the small intestine adapted for absorption? |
Very long - enough time to break down and absorb all the food before it reaches the end Villi and microvilli - large surface area |
