Human Geography: Final

Front 1

Global Commodity Chain

Back 1

Networks of labor and production processes that originate in the extraction or production of raw materials ad whose end result is delivery and consumption of a finished commodity.

Front 2

Which country emerged as a hegemonic power following WW2?

Back 2

United States

Front 3

Demographic Transition model

Back 3

model of population change in which high birth and death rates are replaced by low birth and death rates.

Death rates decline, eventually followed by a decline in birth rates.

Front 4

The applicability of the demographic transition model is sometimes questioned due to the fact that:

Back 4

it is not as accurate in describing peripheral regions

Front 5

Neo-colonialism

Back 5

Economic and political strategies by which powerful states in core economies indirectly maintain or extend their influence over other areas or people.

Front 6

Transferability

Back 6

Relational Distance and ability to cover that distance

Example: Saudi Arabia needs fresh water, Canada has a lot of fresh water, but there is no transferability between the two places (the relational distance is too high, and the price of water isn’t high enough (like oil), even though there is a lot of complimentarity.

Front 7

Where did European industrialization get it's start?

Back 7

Britain

Front 8

An age-sex pyramid shaped like an upside-down pyramid suggests that the sample population might come from______________

Back 8

a retirement community

Front 9

First Law of Geography

Back 9

"Everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things."

Friction of distance

Front 10

Friction of Distance

Back 10

is a reflection of the time and cost of overcoming distance.


over distance, you acquire friction that makes you less
likely to make the journey.

Front 11

Crude Death Rate

Back 11

The ratio of the number of deaths in one year to every thousand people in the population.

Front 12

Age Sex Pyramid 2000

Back 12

Baby Boom

Front 13

Crude Density

Back 13

Total number of people divided by the total area. People per sq mile/km

Front 14

According to Knox and Marston, the 20th century technology system was powered by ___________

Back 14

Oil and the internal combustion engine

Front 15

Dependency Ratio

Back 15

A measure of the economic impact of the young and old on the more economically productive members of the population.

Front 16

Agricultural Hearth

Back 16

Geographic settings where new practices have developed and from which they have spread (such as the farming of plants and animals.)

Front 17

The rate of natural increase is __________

Back 17

The difference between the CBR and the CDR

The surplus of births over deaths.

Front 18

International Division of Labor

Back 18

Refers to the specialization of different people, regions, and countries in certain kinds of economic activities
-U.S. – Information Systems, biotechnology, business
-China –production of electronics
-Mexico - Maquiladoras

Front 19

In 1920, the Manufacturing belt spanned ____________

Back 19

from Baltimore to Milwaukee

Front 20

Which country entered the core after being a peripheral nation?

Back 20

Canada

Front 21

What was the 3rd wave of involuntary migration?

Back 21

Sun Belt

Front 22

Ecotheology

Back 22

Calls for a reevaluation of the Western relationship to nature.

"Ecotheology is a form of constructive theology that focuses on the interrelationships of religion and nature, particularly in the light of environmental concerns. Ecotheology generally starts from the premise that a relationship exists between human religious/spiritual worldviews and the degradation of nature. It explores the interaction between ecological values, such as sustainability, and the human domination of nature. The movement has produced numerous religious-environmental projects around the world."

Front 23

Conceptual theory (IPAT)

Back 23

Contributes to the understanding of environmental impacts

-Impact = Population affluence technology (I= PAT)
-Population, GDP/pop
-Greenhouse gases

Front 24

Environmental Justice Movement

Back 24

views the unequal impacts of environmental hazards, such as pollution, as an extension of “structured and institutionalized” inequality in capitalist societies.

Front 25

Which country is less than 50% Muslim?

Back 25

India

Front 26

The industrial revolution is associated with ____________

Back 26

increased fossil fuel use

Front 27

Which religion was founded most recently?

Back 27

Islam

Front 28

Where did Buddhism and Hinduism originate?

Back 28

India
Buddhism emerged out of Hinduism

Front 29

What does the phrase "Nature is a social creation" refer to?

Back 29

Nature means different things to different people at different times.

"Understandings of nature are the product of different times and different needs."

Front 30

How does religious influence tend to flow?

Back 30

From the periphery to the core

Front 31

Where is the cultural hearth of Islam?

Back 31

Saudi Arabia

Front 32

Animism

Back 32

The religious worldview that natural physical entities—including animals, plants, and often even inanimate objects or phenomena—possess a spiritual essence. Specifically, animism is used in the anthropology of religion as a term for the religion of indigenous tribal peoples

Front 33

Spanish and French are related to which language family?

Back 33

Indo-European

-most common, prevalent language family. Half the world speaks on of these

Front 34

Why do two sects exist in Islam?

Back 34

There are more Sunni than Shiite muslims.
Sunni is like orthodox Islam

Front 35

Which of the following is not there result of climate change?

Back 35

Rainforest loss

Front 36

What is a significant advantage of just-in-time production?

Back 36

No need for large inventories.

Front 37

Benefit of the Green revolution

Back 37

increased food production dramatically in areas where it was needed.

Mostly grains.

Front 38

Large_______________ sectors have a lower GDP than large _____________ sectors.

Back 38

primary, tertiary

Front 39

GDP

Back 39

is an estimate of the total value of all materials, foodstuffs, goods, and services that are produced by a country in a particular year

Does not include any profits from abroad

Front 40

Rostow's economic development model perpetuates the myth of _______________

Back 40

Developmentalism. i.e. that every country is progressing towards "high mass consumption"

Front 41

Shifting cultivation works best in __________

Back 41

areas with low population density

Front 42

Regional inequality ___________ with the ____________ in globalization over the last 25 years

Back 42

Rises, increase

Front 43

The number and scale of transnational corporations has

Back 43

increased over the last 30 years

Front 44

Commercial agricultural systems are efficient in food production ___________________________

Back 44

per unit of labor

Front 45

What are the advantages to the increased use of biotechnology in agriculture?

Back 45

There are no advantages

Front 46

Forward Linkage

Back 46

develop as new firms arrive to take the finished products of the growing industry and use them in their own processing, assembly, finishing, packaging, or distribution operations.

Front 47

Backward linkages

Back 47

develop as new firms arrive to provide the growing industry with components, supplies, specialized services, or facilities.

Front 48

Which region has benefitted the least from Green Revolution

Back 48

Africa

Front 49

Areas with low GDP per capita tend to have work forces engaged in _________________ activities.

Back 49

Primary

Front 50

Industrialization of agriculture does in involve:

Back 50

an increase in organic production

Front 51

Shifting cultivation involves the rotation of _______________

Back 51

fields

Front 52

PPP

Back 52

Purchasing power parity. Measures how much of a common "market basket" of goods and services each currency can purchase locally, including goods and services that are not traded internationally.

Front 53

When we use PPP-based currency values to compare levels of economic prosperity, we usually see ________________ GNI figures in ______________countries.

Back 53

Lower GNI figures in wealth countries.

Higher GNI figures in poorer nations