Human Geography: Exam 4

Front 1

Four aspects of the role of towns and cities in human economic and social organization

Back 1

-Mobilizing function
-Decision-making capacity
-Generative functions
-Transformative capacity

Front 2

Urban System

Back 2

Any interdependent set of urban settlements within a given region.

Front 3

Urban Geography

Back 3

The study of urban geography is concerned with the development of towns and cities around the world, with particular reference to the similarities and differences both among and within urban places.

Front 4

Urban Form

Back 4

Refers to the physical structure and organization of cities in their land use, layout, and built environment.

Front 5

Urban Ecology

Back 5

Is the social and demographic composition of city districts and neighborhoods.

Front 6

Urbanism

Back 6

describes the way of life fostered by urban settings, in which the number, physical density, and variety of people often result in distinctive attitudes values, and patterns of behavior.

Front 7

Feudalism

Back 7

A rigid, rurally oriented form of economic and social organization based on the communal chiefdoms of Germanic tribes that had invaded the disintegrating Roman empire.

Front 8

Gateway cities

Back 8

Serve as a link between one country or region and others because of their physical situation.

Front 9

Shock city of 19th century European industrialization

Back 9

Manchester, England

Grew from 15000 in 1730 to 70000 in 1801

Front 10

shock city

Back 10

seen at the time as the embodiment of surprising and disturbing changes in economic, social, and cultural life.

Front 11

Shock city of North America in 19th-20th century?

Back 11

Chicago

Front 12

Cumulative Causation

Back 12

in which a spiral buildup of advantages is enjoyed by particular places as a result of the development of external economies, agglomeration effects, and localization economies.

Front 13

Colonial Cities

Back 13

Cities that were deliberately established or developed as administrative or commercial centers by colonial or imperial powers.

Pure colonial city- established where no significant urban settlement had previously existed

Front 14

Central Place

Back 14

a settlement in which certain types of products and services are available to consumers.

Front 15

Central Place Theory

Back 15

Central place theory seeks to explain the tendency for central places to be organized in hierarchical systems analyzing the relative size and geographic spacing of towns and cities as a function of consumer behavior.

Front 16

Rank-Size Rule

Back 16

The rank-size rule describes a certain statistical regularity in the city-size distributions of countries and regions.

The nth largest city in a country or region is 1/n the size of the largest city in that country or region.

Front 17

Primacy

Back 17

Primacy occurs when the population of the largest city in an urban system is disproportionately large in relation to the second – and third – largest cities in that system.

London is more than 9 times as large as Birmingham.
London is considered a "primate" city

Front 18

Centrality

Back 18

When cities’ economic, political, and cultural functions are disproportionate to their population, the condition is known as centrality.

Do not necessarily have to be primate cities.

Front 19

Overurbanization

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occurs when cities grow more rapidly than they can sustain jobs and housing. In such cases, urban growth produces instant slums.

Front 20

Squatter settlements

Back 20

are residential developments on land that is neither owned nor rented by its occupants.

Can account for 1/3-3/4 of the population of major cities.

In Sub-saharan africa, more than 70% of the population lives in slums.

Front 21

Megacities

Back 21

very large cities characterized by both primacy and a high degree of centrality within their national economy.

Most number 10million or more in population.

Bangkok, Manila

Front 22

Informal Sector

Back 22

of an economy involves a wide variety of economic activies whose common feature is that they take place beyond official record and are not subject to formalized systems or regulation or remuneration.

Front 23

Counterurbanization

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occurs when cities experience a net loss of population to smaller towns and rural areas.

Front 24

Reurbanization

Back 24

Trend involving the growth of population in metropolitan central cores following a period of relative or absolute decline in population.

Front 25

CBDs are usually surrounded by ______________

Back 25

Zones in transition. Because of it's mixture of growth, change, and decline.

Front 26

Invasion and succession

Back 26

Is the process off neighborhood change whereby one social or ethnic group succeeds another in a residential area.

This displaced group will invade another area, creating over time a rippling process of change throughout the city.

Front 27

Multiple-Nuclei model

Back 27

-Harris and Ullman
-Describes how American cities began to develop a patchwork of land uses across which there is a loose functional order.
-Uniquely American

Front 28

Edge cities

Back 28

Decentralized clusters of retailing and office development, often located on an axis with a major airport, sometimes adjacent to a high-speed rail station, and always linked to an urban freeway system.

you can get everything you’d get in the business sector of a major city here

Front 29

Metroburbia

Back 29

THe way that residential settings ins suburban and exurban areas are thoroughly interspersed with office employment and high-end retailing.

Front 30

solution to the problem of urban sprawl?

Back 30

Smart Growth
However, it's not working very well.

Front 31

Central Cities

Back 31

the original, core jurisdictions of metropolitan areas.

Front 32

Fiscal Squeeze

Back 32

occrs when increasing limitations on tax revenues combine with increasing demands for expenditures on urban structure and city services.

Front 33

Beaux Arts

Back 33

takes its name from L'Ecole des Beaux Arts school in paris. Idea was that new buildings would blend artfully with the older palaces, cathedrals and civic buildings that dominate European city centers.

Front 34

Modern Movement

Back 34

Base on the idea that buildings and cities should be designed and run like machines.
-Urban design should not just reflect dominant social and cultural values, but create a new social and cultural order.

Front 35

Jami

Back 35

Principle Mosque in an Islamic city

Front 36

Kasbah

Back 36

Citadel (fortress)

Front 37

Suqs

Back 37

street markets.
-one of the most important distinguishing features of an islamic city.
-The suqs near the Jami usually specialize in high quality goods. Those nearer the gate feature bulkier and less valuable goods.
-Every line of business has its own alley

Front 38

Ahya'

Back 38

Residential districts around suqs
-organized according to occupation, ethnicity, tribal affliation, or religious sect.

Front 39

________________is central to the construction of an Islamic city.

Back 39

Privacy, especially that of women

Front 40

Underemployment

Back 40

When people work less than full time even though they would prefer to work more hours.

Front 41

Dualism

Back 41

juxtaposition in geographic space of formal and informal sectors of the economy