Human Genetics Chapter 2

Front 1

The approximate number of differentiated cell types in a human body is

Back 1

260

Front 2

A difference between a stem cell and a progenitor cell is that

Back 2

a progenitor cell cannot self-renew and a stem cell can

Front 3

Human stem cells are valuable in drug development because they can be used to

Back 3

replace experimental animals such as rats and mice

Front 4

Cellular adhesion molecules include

Back 4

selectins and integrins

Front 5

In hereditary spherocytosis, red blood cells lose their doughnut shapes, ballooning out, because they have abnormal

Back 5

ankyrin molecules, which bind spectrin rods to the plasma membrane

Front 6

The division of a single cell into two cells is referred to as

Back 6

cytokinesis

Front 7

In a human cell, the genetic material is in the

Back 7

nucleus

Front 8

A researcher identifies an abnormality in a protein that causes a particular inherited illness. To develop a treatment, it would be most helpful to know

Back 8

which cells are affected and how to replace the protein's function in them.

Front 9

Which of the following statements is true?

Back 9

Somatic cells are diploid, meaning that they have two copies of the human genome.

Front 10

The major macromolecules that make up cells are

Back 10

carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids

Front 11

The order of events in the cell cycle is

Back 11

G1 to S to G2 to mitosis

Front 12

A bubble-like structure that ferries molecules, such as cholesterol, to lysosomes is an

Back 12

endosome

Front 13

The nucleolus reappears during which stage of mitosis

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telophase

Front 14

Humans belong to domain ______, which is distinguished by cells that have _______.

Back 14

Eukarya; organelles

Front 15

"Adult" stem cells are more accurately called tissue-specific or somatic stem cells because

Back 15

they are also present at prenatal stages of development

Front 16

Sugars are attached to proteins in the

Back 16

Golgi apparatus

Front 17

Apoptosis is a form of

Back 17

programmed cell death that is a normal part of development

Front 18

Cristae are

Back 18

membranous structures that are parts of mitochondria

Front 19

In which disease is cellular adhesion abnormal?

Back 19

arthritis

Front 20

The two major stages of the cell cycle are

Back 20

interphase and mitosis

Front 21

What is the sequence of events to produce a protein that is secreted?

Back 21

A hormone signals the gene that encodes the protein to be transcribed into mRNA in the nucleus. The mRNA is translated into protein on the ER, then processed and folded in the Golgi apparatus, and then sent out of the cell in a vesicle.

Front 22

About ___ average-sized bacteria could fit into a human cell

Back 22

1,000

Front 23

Which biomolecule is used both for energy and to synthesize some types of hormones

Back 23

lipids

Front 24

Chromosomes coil tightly around chromosomal proteins and condense during

Back 24

prophase

Front 25

The cell type with the most mitochondria is

Back 25

muscle

Front 26

Breakdown of the nuclear membrane occurs during which phase of mitosis

Back 26

prophase

Front 27

can divide to give rise to any cell type, including those of membranes that support the developing embryo, is

Back 27

totipotent

Front 28

The organelle that consists of a stack of flat, membrane-enclosed sacs is the

Back 28

Golgi apparatus

Front 29

During S phase, replicated chromosomes are joined at their

Back 29

centromeres

Front 30

The cell cycle is a series of events a cell undergoes as it prepares to

Back 30

divide

Front 31

The defining characteristic of a stem cell is

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self-renewal

Front 32

The rough endoplasmic reticulum is rough because of

Back 32

attached ribosomes

Front 33

In mitochondria,

Back 33

energy from nutrients is converted into a form that a cell can use

Front 34

The internal scaffolding of a cell consists of

Back 34

microtubules and microfilaments

Front 35

The organelle that is the equivalent of a cellular garbage disposal system is the

Back 35

lysosome

Front 36

The organelles that contain DNA are the

Back 36

nucleus and mitochondrion

Front 37

The cellular basis of muscular dystrophy is that some of a child's muscle cells

Back 37

lack a protein that enables them to withstand the force of contraction.

Front 38

Human embryonic stem cells that are used in research are

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cultured in laboratory dishes from inner cell mass cells taken from a 5-day embryo

Front 39

Proteins that are part of signal transduction pathways in the cell are located in

Back 39

cytoplasm and plasma membrane

Front 40

Ribosomes are in the cells of

Back 40

all organisms

Front 41

Duplicated chromosomes appear lined up in the middle of the cell during

Back 41

metaphase

Front 42

During apoptosis, caspases

Back 42

activate enzymes that cut DNA into small pieces

Front 43

Organelles protect a cell by

Back 43

sequestering biochemicals that could dismantle other cellular structures

Front 44

DNA replicates during __ phase of the cell cycle.

Back 44

S

Front 45

Which sequence of events illustrates the steps of signal transduction?

Back 45

First messenger to receptor molecules to second messenger to cellular response

Front 46

At the point in the cell cycle when mitosis begins

Back 46

each chromosome consists of two identical chromatids joined at the centromere

Front 47

In which disease is signal transduction abnormal?

Back 47

neurofibromatosis type 1

Front 48

The part of a chromosome that shortens with each cell division, functioning as a "clock," is the

Back 48

telomere

Front 49

The progression of a cell through the cell cycle is regulated by

Back 49

cyclins and kinases

Front 50

At the point in the cell cycle when mitosis begins

Back 50

each chromosome consists of two identical chromatids joined at the centromere