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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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List and describe Freud's Stages of psychosexual development
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1. Oral (0-18 mo.)-orally agressive vs. orally passive
2. Anal- (18-36 mo.) anal retentive (extreme neatness) vs. anal expulsive 3. Phallic- (3-6 yr old)-Oedipus complex vs. Electra complex 4. Latency (6-12)-sexual feelings dormant 5. Genital (puberty and beyond)-matured sexual interests |
There are 5 stages
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List Eric Erikson's stages of psychosocial development in order
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1. Trust vs. Mistrust-infant
2. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt-toddler 3. intiative vs. guilt-Kindergarten 4. Industry vs. Inferiority-age 6 to puberty 5. Identity vs. Role confusion-teenager 6. Intimacy vs. Isolation-young adulthood 7. Generativity vs. Stagnation-midlife crisis 8. Ego integrity vs. despair- old age |
There are 8 stages
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Name and describe the parts of freudian theory that emphazine instincts
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1. Id-"the bad boy", pleasure principle, sexual, aggressive, irrational, chaotic, only intrested in primal instincts, impulsive
2. Ego-logical, rational, emphasis on reasoning, controls impulses, influenced by the ID to give into pleasures. 3. Superego-moral, idealistic |
There are 3 parts of instinctual self
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Arnold Lazarus
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-Considered the pioneer in behavior therapy movement
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Name and describe Jean Piaget's stages of development
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1. Sensorimotor(birth-2 yr)-practical intelligence
2. Preoperations (2-7 yr)-egocentrism, centration, symbolic schema 3. Concrete operations- (7-11yr)masters conservation, ability to count mentally 4. Formal operations 12 yr and up)-abstract thinking, reasoning |
4 stages
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William Perry
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-known for ideas relating to adult cognitive development in college students
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Jay Haley
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-known for strategic and problem solving therapy
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Describe William Perry's concept of dualistic thinking & relativistic thinking
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-Dualistic thinking-"black and white thinking", things are either right or wrong
-Reativistic thinking-(young adulthood) able to recognize that there may be a "grey area" and that things cannot always be categorized as right or wrong |
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Robert Kegan
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-constructive model of adult cognitive development
-belives that individuals construct reality throughout the lifespan |
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Alfred Binet
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Created the first intelligence test
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David Elkind
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-mass-most easily understood
-weight-next most easily concept understood -volume-most difficult to comprehend |
MWV
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Lev Vygotsky
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believed that developmental stages unfold according to educational intervention
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Kohlberg's levels of moral development
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6stages-3 levels
Level 1.- Pre-conventional-rewards/punishments influence childs behavior Stage 1: Punishment/Obdience Orientation Stage 2: Naive Hedonism Level 2: Conventional-wants to meet the standards of society, family and nation Stage 3: Good boy/girl orientation Stage 4: Authority, Law and Order orientation Level 3: Post Conventional-person forms opinon of what he believes is right or wrong Stage 5: Social contract Stage 6: Principles of Self conscious and universal ethics |
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John B. Watson
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father of behaviorism
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Abraham Maslow
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coined the term positive psychology.
Positive psychology refers to the study of human strenghs (love, happiness, joy, wisdom, altruism) |
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Harry Sullivan
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know for theory of: psychiatry of interpersonal relations-cultural forces are responsible for mental illness
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Individual psychology
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-Founder: Alfred Adler
-People should be treated holistically -the individual human being is the best determinant of his or her own needs, desires, interests, and growth. -similar to humanistic psychology |
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Zone of Proximal Development
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describes the difference between a child's performance without teacher vs. that which he is capable with a teacher.
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Maturation Hypothesis/Theory
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-behaviors are guided by hereditary factor, but will not manifest themselves unless the right enviornmental factors are present
-individual's neural development must be at particular level for behavior to manifest itself |
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John Bowlby
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-bonding and attachment theory
-saw bonding as having survival value or adaptive significance -child must bond with adult by age 3 to lead normal social life -if the bond is lost at a certain age it is referred to is object loss and causes abnormal behavior or psychopathology |
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Arnold Gesell
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maturist that believed that development was determined by both nature and nurture
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Harry Harlow
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-well known for work with maternal deprivation and isolation in monkeys
-concluded that physical contact with care giver is important to infant's attachment -believed that attachment was innate, not learned |
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Rene Spitz
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-known for theory of anaclitic depression-children who were raised in impersonal enviornments are more likely to experience maternal deprivation causing crying, difficulty sleeping and health difficulties
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Stanley Coopersmith
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found that child rearing methods seem to have an impact on self esteem
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Gibson
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-researched the matter of depth perception by using a "visual cliff" or glass sheet that simulates a drop off.
-found that some children do not cross cliff, meaning they have depth perception skills |
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Define Empiricism
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-"experience"
-experience is the source for acquiring knowledge -believe developmental change can be measured quantitatively -behaviorist view-i.e. all behavior is observed |
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Organcists believe
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-change cannot be measured as it is often interneal.
-developmental changes are qualitative -Opposing view to empiricism |
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Object permanence
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-developed at 8 months old
-child learns that when a object is no longer in sight that it still exists -Piaget's sensorimotor stage |
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Representational thought
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-child learns the concept of time and causality
-must occur before object permanence can be formed -Piaget's sensorimotor stage |
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Ethology
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-associated with the work of Konrad Lorenz
-refers observing animals in their natural enviornments |
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Comparitive Psycholgy
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researching animal behavior and then comparing it to human behavior
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Konrad Lorenz
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-known for work with geese and imprinting-an extinctual behavior in which animal follows the first moving object it encounters (usually mother)
-compared humans to apes and claimed that aggressivness is part of evolution. |
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Centration
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-in piaget's preoperational stage
-noticing a key feature of a given object, but not noticing the rest of it (i.e. noticing red clown nose) |
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Egocentrism
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-preoperational stage
-inability to see things from other's point of view |
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William glassier
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father of reality therapy
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Symbolic Schema
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-developed during piagets preoperational stage
-allows language and symbolism in play to occur |
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Freud and Erikson agreed that ______.
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Before moving onto the next stage in development, the previous stage must be conquered
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R.J. Having-hurst
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-proposed developmental tasks for particular ages
-infancy and childhood-walking, eating solid foods -Middle Childhood-ages 6-12-interpersonal skills -Adolescene-12-18 YO, preparing for marriage and career -Early adulthood-19 to 30 YO-selecting mate, starting family -Middle adulthood-30-60 YO, assisting children to become responsible adults and developing hobbies -Later maturity-60+ YO, dealing with death of spouse and adjusting to retirement |
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Arnold Lazarus
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-behaviorist
-BASIC-ID-counseling method -B-Behavior -A-Affective responses -S-Sensations -I-Imagery -C-Cognitions -I-Interpersonal relationships -D-drugs |
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Carl Jung
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-The father of analytic psychology
-follower of freud -archetypes-inherited unconscious factors: -Animus-male characteritics of personality -Anima-female characteristics of personality |
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