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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Three bases on messenger RNA (mRNA) are called? |
A Codon |
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Example of a Codon? |
AUG – Methionine UUC – Phenylalanine CAA – Glutamine |
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Each codon indicates ___ of 20 amino acids. |
1 |
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_____ genes in the human body. |
23,000 |
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•Genes consist of ___. |
DNA |
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•Humans have ____ chromosomes. |
23 pairs |
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•Genotype vs. phenotype |
Genes carried on Vs. Observable characteristics |
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•Female and male chromosomes |
XX and XY |
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Mendel’s law of Independent assortment. (ratio of dominant and recessive traits) |
each trait is carried in the egg and pollen as a separate entity, with no effect on any other trait. |
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Law of Independent Assortment: |
Mendel's 2nd set of experiments (ratio of dominant and recessive traits) 9:3:3:1 |
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Mendel’s law of segregation. (ratio of dominant and recessive traits) |
1st generation, random separation of parental heritable units during gamete formation |
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Gregor Mendel |
Explained patterns of inheritance. Had experimental methods for traits. |
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Incomplete Dominance = Codominance |
Blood Type |
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Having two copies of each chromosome in the body cells. |
Diploid |
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Having half the number of chromosomes of normal body cells, as in eggs and sperm. |
Haploid |
1/2 the # of chromo. |
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generates two diploid cells |
Mitosis |
•Mi-T-osis = -T-wo diploid cells The T in mitosis and the T in two. |
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Meiosis |
generates four haploid cells (after Phase I and II) |
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happens only in sex cells and results in four haploid cells after two phases. |
Meiosis |
MEiosis = SEX cells = boy+girl+sperm+egg which = 4 haploid cells -after 2phases (2people get together) |
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How does DNA control the production of proteins? |
Transcription and Translation |
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(DNA → messenger RNA) |
Transcription |
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Transcription |
Inside the nucleus |
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messengerRNA → Protein |
Translation |
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Cytoplasm of the cell |
Translation |
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The four bases in DNA. They make the base pairs of: |
Adenine – Thymine Guanine – Cytosine |
A-T G-C |
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DNA mRNA •Adenine Uracil •Thyamine Ademine •Guanine Cytosine •Cytosine Guanine |
The base pairs for transcription |
A-U T-A G-C C-G |
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Polymerase chain reaction –Kary Mullis (Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1993) Gel electrophoresis Transgenics (Recombinant DNA) –Genetic engineering |
DNA Technology |
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PCR |
Creates new strands of DNA |
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DNA Fingerprinting technique |
Gel |
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creates transgenic organism. |
Recombinant DNA Technology |
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•_____ is used to increase the amount of DNA. |
PCR |
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–insulin for the control of diabetes –antibiotics such as penicillin –various vaccines for the control of disease -corn
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Genetically engineered |
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