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42 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Circulatory system

The transporting system of the body, consisting of the heart, blood, blood vessels, lymph and lymph vessels

Double circulating system

Blood passes through the heart twice in one completely journ

Heart

Pumps blood around body

Heart location

Middle of chest cavity, between lungs

Heart structure

Made of cardiac muscle which is able to contract and relax regularly


Enclosed by pericardium which is a membrane that holds the heart in place and still allows it to beat


Has 4 chambers: 2 atria (upper)and 2 ventricles (lower)

Atria

Two upper thin walled chambers of the heart. Receive blood.

Ventricles

Two lower thick walled chambers of the heart. Pump blood.

Septum

Separates left and right chambers so blood cannot mix

Valves

Flaps that are attached to the heart


Supported by chordae tendinae


Ensures the blood flows in one direction


2 atrio-ventricular valves


2 semi-lunar valves

Chordae tendinae

Fibrous chords supporting valves

Atrio-ventricular valves

Bicuspid valve - between left atria and ventricle


Tricuapid valve - between right atria and ventricle

Semi-lunar valves

Aortic - between left ventricle and aorta


Pulmonary - between right ventricle and pulmonary artery

Vena cava

Largest vein in the body. Carries deoxygenated blood to the heart from the body

Pulmonary artery

Carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs


The only artery to carry deoxygenated blood.

Pulmonary vein

Carries oxygenated blood to the heart


The only vein to carry oxygenated blood.

Aorta

Largest artery in the body. Carries oxygenated blood from the heart tk the body.

Blood direction

Heart to arteries to arterioles to capillaries to venules to veins to heart

Arteries

Are elastic, which helps keep the blood moving around the body. Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart. Made of thick muscles and small lumen. Pink in colour (elastic fibres). Located deep within muscle. High pressure, will spurt blood when cut. Do not contain valves.

Arterioles

Small arteries that become narrower the further they get from the arteries.

Capillaries

Smallest blood vessels. Very thin walls so diffusion can take place. Only one layer of cells called the endothelium. Only one RBC at a time, delivers O2 to cells faster. Only permeable blood vessel.

Venules

Small veins. Some larger ones have valves.

Veins

Not elastic. Carry deoxygenated blood to heart. Have thin walls and large lumen. Dark red in colour. Usually found on muscle surface. Lower blood pressure than arteries, blood oozes out when cut. Contain valves.

Lumen

The hollow area in a blood vessel through which blood passes.

Heart sounds

Lubb dubb where lubb is the closing of atrioventricular valves and is short and sharp and dubb the closing of the semilunar valves and is a long muffled sound

Murmurs

Abnormal heart sounds caused by turbulence in the blood flow through the heart and can also indicate a lroblem with the valves.

Cardiac cycle

Atrial systole _ venticular systole _ atrial and ventricular diastole. Takes .8 seconds. Approx 72 beats per min. Own inbuilt rhythm can be increased or decreased by nervous stimulation or chems.

Systole

Pumping phase of the cycle. Heart muscle contracts

Diastole

Filling phase. Heart muscle relaxes. Short time both atria and ventricles are in diastole with the valves open

Atrial systole

Contraction of the atria blood is forced into the ventricles both atria contract together

Ventricular systole

Atria relax and fill with blood as ventricles contract and force blood into arteries both ventricles contract together

Blood pressure

Force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels. Decreases further it travels. Arterial pressure is most commonly measured. Written as systolic / diastolic mmHg. Healthy adult is 120/80 mmHg.

Systolic arterial pressure

The peak pressure in the arteries. Occurs near beginning of cardiac cycle.

Diastolic arterial pressure

Lowest pressure at the resting phase of the cardiac cycle

Hypertension

Abnormally high blood pressure

Hypotension

Abnormally low blood pressure

Factors influencing blood pressure

Stress, nutritional factors, obesity, drugs, disease, rate of pumping assuming there is no change in stroke vol., blood volume.

Blood transports

Nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, waste products, hormones.

Blood protects against

Invasion of microorganisms, damage from toxic substances, blood loss.

Blood regulates

Cell water content, pH of body fluids, body temperature.

Blood distribution

Brain and eyes need constant supply


Blood flow controlled by vasoconstriction and vasodliation.

Vasoconstriction

Constriction of blood vessels

Vasodilation

Widening of blood vessels.