Human Behavior

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permanent behavior

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human learning

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it is relatively permanent

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Learning

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Variable in Human Learning

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1. Individual/ learner

2. task and materials

3. strategy and methods

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2 types of intelligence

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1. Intelligence Quotient

2. Emotional Quotient

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general capacity of person to understand the world, to think rationally and use resources

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Intelligence Quotient

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a person's ability to affectively cope with social relations, emotional challenges, awareness of himself

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Emotional Quotient

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it is directed to their specific goal called

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incentive

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2 kinds of Incentive

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1. Intrinsic

2. Extrinsic

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when he learns to do something bc he gets satisfaction in doing it.

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intrinsic incentive

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when he learns some tasks bc of external rewards

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extrinsic incentive

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it is superior over learning motivated by extrinsic incentive

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intrinsic incentive

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relationship between the intensity of the emotions and the effectiveness of the learning process

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curvilinear

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part of emotions

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a. intensity of the emotions

b. complexity of the task

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beneficial to the learner

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lower intensity of emotions

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interfere to the learner

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higher intensity of emotions

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foregoing effect of emotions almost negligible

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complexity of the task

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depends on the learner's stage of development

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Maturation

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psychologist prefer talk to ____ for the learning of specific task

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readiness

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kinds of task or materials

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1. difficulty of the material

2. meaningfulness of the material

3. serial position effect

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learning is substantially when the material is meaningful to the learner. "THE MORE MEANING IT IS, THE FASTER IT IS LEARNED".

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meaningfulness of the material

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this is requires more time and practice to master it.

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difficulty of the material

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the position of the learned, subject matter in a list of material to be has been found to affect learning

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Serial Position Effect

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parts of serial position effect

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a. primacy

b. mediacy

c. recency

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third major category of variables related to human learning

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Methods or Strategy

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types of methods

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1. Active Learning and Passive Learning

2. Massed and Distributed Learning

3. Knowledge of results

4. Whole and Part

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involved recitation, outlining, and self testing

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active learning

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limit itself merely reading the material from the beginning until the end

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passive learning

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when the total amount of the time for learning is done in one intervals

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Massed learning

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when the same amount of time is spread out over several time intervals

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distributed learning

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principle of feedback

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knowledge of results

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2 kind of knowledge of results

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a. positive feedback

b. negative feedback

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when the material is so meaningful that it easily hangs together

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Whole Learning

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when the whole is so large that it needs to a further breakdown

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Part Learning

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multiple intelligences

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1. Visual-Spatial

2. Mathematical

3. Verbal

4. Musical

5. Bodily

6. Interpersonal

7. Intrapersonal

8. Naturalist

9. Existential

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understanding others (intelligence)

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Interpersonal intelligence

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Recognize one's connection to nature

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Naturalist intelligence

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reflective and deep thinking

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existential intelligence

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aware of one's inner feelings

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intrapersonal intelligence

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painting, designing objects

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Visual-Spatial Intelligence

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singing, playing instruments

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musical intelligence

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problem solving, numbers

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Mathematical Intelligence

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listening, speaking, writing

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Verbal-Linguistic intelligence

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hands on experiment

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Bodily-kinesthetic Intelligence

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multiple intelligences

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Howard Gardner

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way to achieve goals

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motivation

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from latin word "movere" means

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to move

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characteristics of motivation

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1. instigated

2. directional

3. selective

4. homeostatic

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body functions

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homeostatic

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motivated behavior

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1. goal-directed

2. adaptive

3. pro-active(futuristic)

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instricated behavior

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frustrated behavior

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from latin words "frustra" means

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IN VAIN

"motives are not reach"

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Frustrated Behavior

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1. does not end goal

2. rigid

3. re-active

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3 levels of motives

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1. biological motives

2. psychological motives

3. existential motives

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have needs that's why motivated

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Biological motives

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affiliation needs, needs to be someone in someone's life.

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psychosocial motives

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what's your goal in life

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existential motives

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process which makes available to the individual something he has learned previously

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Memory

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3 phases of memory

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1. Encodes Information

2. Stores Information

3. Retrieve Information

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process which new information is initially recorded in a form usable memory

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encoding (fixation)

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it is the storing process of what was acquired.

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Retention

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lack of use of information

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decaying or decay

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interference is the key process of

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forgetting

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2 types of interference

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1. retroactive interference

2. proactive interference

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new learning interferes with the recall of information learned earlier

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retroactive interference

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information interferes with the recall of material learned later.

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proactive interference

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the process by which material memory stage is located, brought into awareness and used.

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retrieval (remembering)

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3 types of retrieval

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1. recall

2. recognition

3. redintegration

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drawing from memory a specific piece of information for a specific purpose

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recall

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process of acknowledging prior exposure to a given stimulus. (may nagtrigger para maalala mo, ex. naamoy mo ung pabango kaya mo naalala ung tao)

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recognition

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process wherein one remembers not only the specific events but also the whole details and circumstances of the events

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redintegration

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effective way to use the ___ stimulus such as words, smell, sound that guides a person through the information stored in memory

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retrieval cue

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snapshot of the event, full details

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flashbulb memories

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loss of memory when it is unaccompanied by other mental difficulties

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amnesia

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2 types of amnesia

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1. retrograde amnesia

2. anterograde amnesia

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memory loss of occurrences prior to some events

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retrograde amnesia

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memory loss of events following an injury

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anterograde amnesia

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loss of memory due to psychological repression mechanism

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psychogenic amnesia

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illness associated with aging that includes physical deterioration, loss of abilities and severe amnesia

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Alzheimer's disease

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tricks to recall some elements

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mnemonic devices

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example of this stage is breathing, food, water, shelter.

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physiological stage

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stage where health, employment, property is associated

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SAFETY AND SECURITY

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stage where friendship, family, intimacy

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LOVE AND BELONGING

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include to this stage are confidence, achievement, respect of others

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SELF-ESTEEM

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include in this stage are morality, acceptance, experience purpose, inner potential

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SELF-ACTUALIZATION

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types of personality

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1. Ectomorph

2. Mesomorph.

3. Endomorph

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their body is skinny and tall, they are usually the introvert type

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Ectomorph

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desirable and attractive type of body, normal person

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Mesomorph

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Type of body what have round, white hips, and narrow shoulders (usually the extrovert type, good sense of humor)

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Endomorph

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4 Temperaments

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1. Sanguine

2. Choleric

3. Phlegmatic

4. Melancholic

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Avoiding type

Roles: the artists, musicians doctors

strength: they are thoughtful, cautious and detailed

Weaknesses: obsessive, too cautious

EARTH

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MELANCHOLIC

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Usually the socially useful type

roles: actors, salesman, speakers

strength: sociable, charismatic, outgoing and confident

weaknesses: impulsive, shameless, too loud, confident

AIR

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SANGUINE

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Getting type

roles: diplomats, accountants, teachers, technicians

strength: relaxed, quiet, calm

weaknesses: sometimes shy, fearful of change

WATER

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PHLEGMATIC

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Ruling dominant type

roles: leaders, producers, builders

strength: ambitious, passionate, focused, good at planning

weaknesses: aggressive, inflexible, impatient, unable to relax

FIRE

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CHOLERIC