Human Anatomy Spinal Cord And Nerves

Front 1

spinal cord start and finish points

Back 1

*foramen magnum of the occipital bone (start)
*lumbar vertebrate L1 (end)

Front 2

cervical enlargement

Back 2

supplies nerves associated w/ the upper limb

Front 3

lumbar enlargement

Back 3

supplies nerves associated w/ the lower limb

Front 4

# of spinal cord segments and regions

Back 4

a)cervical (8 seg)
b)thoracic (12 seg)
c)lumbar (1)

the remaining 10 seg do not arise from the spinal cord

Front 5

spinal cord remaining 10 segments

Back 5

arise from inferior end of spinal cord as nerve roots called cauda equina (horse's tail)

Front 6

what are the 3 parts of a nerve

Back 6

a)dorsal and ventral root
b)spinal nerve
c)dorsal and ventral ramus

Front 7

what is white matter composed off

Back 7

myelinated axon bundles called tracts

Front 8

what is gray matter composed off

Back 8

unmyelinated neuron cell bodies

Front 9

what are the connective tissue covers of the spinal cord

Back 9

a)dura mater-tough mother, outer covering, encased within a fatty "space" known as the epidural space
b)arachnoid-CSF circulates between arachnoid and pia mater
c)pia mater-delicate mother, inner covering, adheres to spinal cord and its sulcus and fissure, has shark teeth that anchor the dura mater to the spinal cord

Front 10

how many pairs of spinal nerves are there and how are broken up

Back 10

8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccygeal

Front 11

each nerve is covered by what three layers of connective tissue

Back 11

a)epineurium-surrounds entire nerve
b)perineurium-surrounds fasicicle (axon bundles)
c)endoneurium-surrounds axon and schwann cell sheath

Front 12

what does the primary dorsal ramus supply

Back 12

posterior muscles and skin

Front 13

what does the primary ventral ramus supply

Back 13

anterior body wall, muscles and skin

Front 14

the spinal nerves and their rami all carry what axons

Back 14

a)somatic sensory axons
b)somatic motor axons
c)visceral motor axons

Front 15

dermatomes

Back 15

skin

Front 16

plexuses

Back 16

tangles of nerves

Front 17

what does the cervical plexus supply

Back 17

supplies skeletal muscles and skin in the neck (C1-C5)

Front 18

what does the brachial plexus supply

Back 18

supplies muscles and skin of the pectoral girdle and upper limb (C5-T1)

Front 19

what does the lumbosacral plexus supply

Back 19

supplies muscles of the pelvic girdle and lower limb (T12-L4, L4-S4)

Front 20

cervical plexus includes

Back 20

a)ansa cervicalis-larynx
b)phrenic n-diaphragm
c)accessory n-supplies levator scapulae, sternocleidomastoid, trapezius

Front 21

brachial plexus include

Back 21

a)5 anterior rami
b)3 trunks
c)6 divisions
d)3 cords
e)5 branches

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Front 22

5 terminal branches of the brachial plexus (cords)

Back 22

a)musculocutaneous-biceps brachii (lateral)
b)median-flexor and pronator of forearm and hand (lateral and medial)
c)ulnar-flexor of forearm and hand (medial)
d)radial-extensor of forearm, arm and hand (posterior)
e)axillary-deltoid and teres minor (posterior)

Front 23

lumbosacral plexus include

Back 23

a)femoral-extensor of knee and flexor of thigh
b)obturator-adductor of thigh
c)sciatic-two hamstrings (biggest nerve in the body)

Front 24

3 branches of the sciatic nerve

Back 24

a)tibial n-flexor of knee and toe
b)superficial fibular n-fibularis
c)deep fibular n-extensor of toes

Front 25

the two reflexes include

Back 25

a)monosynaptic (knee jerk)
b)polysynaptic (two or more synapses)