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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The smallest structural and functional living unit |
Cell |
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What is the only way we can more cells |
From Other living cells |
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Individual cells and their function determine what? |
What your body can do; organismal functions |
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Name for ecf that surrounds the cell |
Interstitial fluid |
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What is the main component of every cell membrane? |
Phospholipids |
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What is the term for the sugary coating on the outside of the cell? |
Glycocalyx |
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What is the functions of proteins in a cell membrane? (6) |
Transport, receptors for signal transduction, attachment to cytoskeleton and extra cellular matrix, enzymatic activity, intercellular joining, cell to cell recognition |
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What is the purpose of the sugars on the outside of the cell, when it comes to the immune system |
The immune system attaches to the sugars and determines if the branching is normal or foreign |
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What are the three types of membrane junctions |
Tight, desmosomes, and gap junctions |
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Which junction prevents fluids and most molecules from moving between cells |
Tight junctions |
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Where would tight junctions be important in the body? |
Digestive and urinary tract |
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What form of junction had rivets or spot welds that anchor the cells together |
Desmosomes |
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Where are desmosomes very useful in the body’ and what is an example of this |
Cells that are under a lot of stress such as skin and cardiac |
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Type of junction where transmembrane proteins form pores that allow small molecules to pass from cell to cell |
Gap junctions |
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Where would gap junctions be needed and why? |
Cardiac muscles so that gaps are left for letting signal pass from one cell to the next |
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Metabolic machinery of a cell |
Organelle |
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Part of the cell that is not a functional unit of the cell, normally a substance or an element |
Inclusions |
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Only three organelles don’t have membranes which ones don’t |
Cytoskeleton, centrioles, ribosomes |
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Which organelle has its own dna and rna and can reproduce |
Mitochondria |
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What are the innerfolds in the mitochondria that help produce atp? |
Cristae |
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Sites of protein synthesis or where proteins are made? |
Ribosomes |
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Where do proteins made in the cytoplasm by free ribosomes go? |
They stay in the cell |
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Highway of the cell |
Endoplasmic reticulum |
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What are the functions of the rough er |
Manufactures all secreted proteins, synthesizes integral membrane proteins and phospholipidswhat does |
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What does smooth er do in the liver, testis, and intestines |
Liver- breaks down glycogen, detoxifying drugs, pesticides and carcinogens Testis- produces testosterone a steroid based hormone Intestinal cells- absorption, synthesis and fat transport |
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What does the Golgi apparatus do with materials made in the cell? |
Condenses the items Puts the items in vesicles and prepares it to be shipped out of the cell |
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Package of the cell that is full of acids and strong enzymes and can destroy the whole cell or break down anything that could be harmful |
Lysosomes |
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Organelle that detoxifies things such as peroxide and neutralizes free radicals |
Peroxisomes |
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Highly reactive chemicals with unpaired electrons |
Free radicals |
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Which organelle is responsible for generating microtubles, organizing mitotic spindle fibers |
Centrioles |
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Short hair like cellular extensions |
Cilia |
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Long and whip like cellular extension |
Flagella |
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In the human body the only cell that has flagella is what |
Sperm |
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Where are cilia found |
Throat and Galician tubes |
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Finger like extensions of plasma membrane that increase surface area for absorption also the core of actin filaments for stifffening |
Microvilli |
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What does dna have the instructions for? |
Building proteins |
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What is found in the nucleolus |
Instructions for making ribosomes and putting them together |
