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74 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Acceptance
An expression of agreement by the offeree to the terms and offer
Breach of Contract
The failure to perform some contracted act
Capacity to Contract
The ability to understand the terms of a contract and to understand also that failure to perform its terms can lead to legal liability
Compensatory Damages
Money awarded to the plaintiff to compensate for injuries of other expenses
Consideration
Something of value exchanged for something else of value
Counteroffer
A response to an offer that modifies one or more of its provisions
Contract
Promises made between 2 or more people that are enforcable
Duress
Threats of harm if a person does not sign a contract
Fraud
An international untruthful statement made to induce reliance by another person of for the purpose of misleading someone, usually for personal gain
Genuine Assent
Concept that the parties involved in a contract must genuinely agree to the contract terms
Goodwill
A favorable reputation producing an expectation of future business
Illusory
A contractual term that fails to contain a firm commitment

A promise that is so indefinite that the party making it has not if fact committed to doing anything
Mitigate
Lessen; A rule that requires a plaintiff seeking to collect damages for breach of contract to prove an attempt was made to reduce or lessen losses and/or damages
Offer
A proposal to do or give something in exchange for something else
Parole Evidence Rule
What prevents the parties from successfully modifying a complete writing contract with evidence of oral agreements made prior to signing in writing
Specific Performance
A remedy for breach of contract requiring performance of the contract term
Statue of Frauds
The law requiring that certain contracts must be written to be enforceable
Valid
Enforceable in court
Voidable Contract
1 or both Parties can avoid the term of a valid court
Tort
Refers to many Types of noncriminal wrong doings by one person that injures another ( but not to breaches of contracts)
Assumption of Risk
Doctrine that holds a plaintiff may may not recover for injuries received when the voluntarily expose themselves to a known risk
Attractive Nuisance
Potentially dangerous object or condition of exceptional interest to young people
Comparative Negligence
Majority Rule (is what usually happens)
- Rule followed by most States apportioning damages according to a comparative contribution of the negligence of the parties
- Allocate the liability b/t the Plaintiff and Defendant depending on the degree of culpability based on a total of 100 percent
Contributory Negligence
MInority Rule ( Seldom Happens)
- Plaintiff carelessness contributed to the injury, the Plaintiff cannot successfully sue a Negligent Defendant
Only limited States still follow this Rule:
-Alabama, North Carolina, Virginia, and DC
Last Clear Chance
Plaintiff in certain cases used to support their Argument that the Defendant should be liable for failing to Prevent Injury
Defendant should be Liable for failing to prevent the Injury
Even if negligent acts of the Plaintiff initially put the Plaintiff in peril
Negligence
Carelessness that Causes Injury
Breach of a Legal Duty to Act Resonably that is the Direct (or Proximate)
Cause of Injury to Another
Negligence Per Se
Describes conduct that Violates the Law or Ordinance designed to Protect the Safety of the Public
Invitee
Someone who cones to an establishment for the purpose for which the business is open to the public
Proximate Causes
The Direct and Immediate foreseeable connection b/t a Breach of Duty and a Resulting Injury
Res Ispa Loquitur
Frees the Plaintiff from the burden of proving the Specific Breach of Duty Committed by the Defendant
Strict Liability
Also called ABSOLUTE LIABILITY
Doctrine that imposes all the risks of an ultra hazardous activity upon those who engage in it
Within the Scope of Employment
Furtherance of duties performed for the employer
Constructive Notice
Knowledge of a fact imputed to a person by law because he or she could have discovered the fact by proper diligence.
Establishment should have known if Best Preventative Practices were being Followed.
Guest
The visit must be for the primary purpose for which an inn operates-rental rooms suitable for overnight stays
Bailment
A transfer of possession of goods or personal property from a person in possession of the property to another with the Understanding that the Property will be Returned

**Directly affects Liability**

*** Giving you car to the Hotel Valet to Park and Keep***
Bailor
The owner of the goods or personal property who transfers such property to the Bailee

*** The Hotel Guest who gives the Valet his Car to Park and Keep***
Bailee
The person receiving the goods or personal property

*** The Valet who is given the Car to Park & Keep***
Essential Elements of Bailment
1. Personal Property
2. Delivery of Possessions
3. Acceptance of Possessions by the Bailee
4. Bailment Agreement

** Bailment Directly Affects Liability**
Elements of a (K) Contract
Capacity to Contract
Consideration
Legality
Agreement
Mutuality
Genuine Assent
Types of Written Contracts that are considered to be a Statute of Fraud
Sale of Real Estate
Marriage
Sale of Goods over $500
Assumption of Debt by Another
Contract Not Completed within 1 year from when made
Both Parties can do this?
Void a Contract
When you cancel a contract it is also known as?
Void Contract
Legal Age and of Sound Metal Health are considered?
Capacity to Contract
What are 3 forms of Consideration?
1) Tangible Item

2) Performance to Promise or Perform

3) Forbearance - Agreeing to refrain from doing something you have a legal right to
3 Examples of Implied-In-Fact Contracts
1) P provides D some service or property

2) D knew or should have known Payment for Service or Property was expected

3) D had the chance to Reject said Service or Property and did NOT
What are the Legal Options Available to Plaintiffs in Breach of Contract (K) Cases?
P sues D for Damages
Compensatory Damages
Incidental Damages
Court Costs / Attorney Fees
P & D enter into ADR
P and D Void (Cancel) Contract
Reform Contract
P sues D for Specific Performance ( ONLY if goods and services are unique)
What are Legality, Proper Form, Contractual Capacity, Mutuality, Consideration and Genuine Asset?
Essential Elements for a Contract (K)
What are the 4 Essential Elements of a Negligence Case?
Existence of Duty to Act Reasonably
A Breach of that Duty
Injury
Proximate Cause

Reasonable Person Standard (Sometimes not essential)
What is the correct order of Degree of Care (excluding children) ?
Invitee
Licensee
Trespasser
Why should an establishment have the highest Level of Care for Children in the case of Negligence?
Children are not included as a Reasonable Person, b/c they DO NOT comprehend Danger or Dangerous Object.

This is also why Reasonable Person is not an Essential Element for Negligence
Is a Guest of a Guest a Guest?
YES!!!
When is a Guest No Longer a Guest?
Within a reasonable amount of time after checking out.
What are 3 Elements that must be proven for "Res Ipsa Loquitur"?
1) P's Injury was caused by Accident that would not have normally happened without Negligence

2) Thing that causes injury was within the exclusive Control of the D

3) P did NOT Provoke the Accident
Legal Responsibility of the Employee of their Employees
Respondent Superior
What are the 2 Types of Negligence Doctrines that Favors the Defendant?
1) Contributory Negligence (Minority)

2) Comparative Negligence (Majority)
What states still use Contributory Negligence Doctrine?
DC, Virginia, Maryland, NC and Alabama
What are 2 Comparative Negligence Rules?
Last Clear Chance

Assumption of Risk
What are the 4 Elements that must be established to use Subsequent Negligence Rule (Last Clear Chance)?
1) P has been Negligent

2) As result of Negligence, the P is in a position of peril that can not be escaped by the exercise of ordinary care.

3) D knew or should have known of the Plaintiff's Peril

4) D had a clear chance, by the exercise of ordinary care, to avoid the injury to the P, but failed to do so
In the Assumption of Risk Rule, what must be shown?
1) Knowledge of Risk

2) Understood the Risk

3) Choice of Avoiding or Engaging in conduct that confronted the Risk

4) Voluntarily Chose to Take the Risk
What are some Negligence Doctrines that Favor the Plaintiff?
1) "Res Ispa Loquitur"

2) Children and Responsible Person Test

3) Attractive Nuisance Doctrine

4) Negligence Per Se Doctrine

5) Strict Liability

6) Strict Products Liability

7) Respondent Superior
What is the difference between Constructive and Actual Notice?
Constructive is when a business should have known about a problem through regular maintenance or monitoring, but did not.

While Actual Notice is when the problem has been reported.
When does a Guest-Innkeeper Relationship End?
1) Contracted Time for the room Elapsed and has not been Extended

2) Bill is Not Paid when Due

3) Proper Notice is Given to Vacate Hotel

4) Reasonable Amount of time has passed since Checkout

5) Bill has been Settled and Paid
What does one have to do to be considered a guest in a hotel?
1) Be there for the purpose of the hotel (get a room) or show the intent of that purpose.

2) Be a Guest of a Guest
What is the process of Bailment?
When a Bailor gives a Bailee Personal Property with the understanding that the Property will be Returned
An example of this is when a driver pulls up to a Valet Stand and hands the Valet attendant his keys to park his car and the driver is given a ticket for the service.

What is this called?
Who is the Driver?
Who is the Valet Attendant?
What is the Ticket?
Bailment
Bailor - Driver
Bailee - Valet Attendent
Proof of Agreement - Valet Ticket
What are the Essential Elements of Bailment?
1) Personal Property (Tangible Objects)
2) Delivery of Possession
3) Acceptance of Possession by the Bailee
4) Bailment Agreement
What is the effect of Bailment on Liability?
NO Bailment = NO Liability
What are 3 Categories of People Lack Contractual Capacity?
Minors
Mentally Incompetent
Very Intoxicated
What is the Legal Effect of an Illegal Contract?
The Contract is Void
1) A Valid Contract must exist b/t 2 Parties

2) 3rd Party must be aware of existence of contract

3) 3rd Party must Intentionally Cause or Induce 1 of the Parties to Break the Contract
Elements that are Necessary to prove a Claim of Interference with a Contractual Relationship
An Agreement Barring Someone from Competing in the Same Geographical Area for a Specified Amount of Time.
Agreement Not to Compete
When can Pain and Suffering be Recovered in a Breach of Contract Case?
Only if the Case involves Negligence
When can Punitive Damages be Awarded in case of a Breach of Contract?
Only if the Defendants Actions are Malicious
What kind of Damages can a P be awarded in case of a Breach of Contract?
Compensatory
Lost Profits
Incidental
Court Costs / Attorney Fees
What other options does a P & D have in the case of Breach of Contract?
Enter into ADR
Cancel the Contract
Reform Contract