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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Horney insisted |
social and cultural influences especially early childhood experiences are more important than biological ones in shaping personality. |
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Children who lack warmth and affection fail to meet their? |
Needs for safety and satisfaction |
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Feelings of isolation and helplessness trigger? |
basic anxiety or feelings of isolation and helplessness in a potentially hostile world. |
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The inability of people to use different tactics in their relationships with others generates? |
basic conflict, that is incompatible tendency to move toward, against and away from people. |
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3 Neurotic trends |
Move toward , against , or away from people. |
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Healthy people solve their basic conflict by using all three neurotic trends where neurotics adopt |
only one trend |
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3 neurotic trends, (moving toward, against, or away from people) are combination of |
10 neurotic needs |
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Intrapsychic conflicts of neurotic and healthy ind. |
Two major intrapsychic conflicts are idealized self-image and self-hatred |
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Idealized self-Image |
Attempt by neurotic to build a godlike picture of themselves. |
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self hatred |
Tendency for neurotics to hate and despise their real self. |
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Any psychological differences between men and women are do to |
cultural and social expectations not biology |
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The goal o Horneyian psychotherapy is to? |
bring about growth toward actualization of the real self. |
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Biography of Horney |
Born 1885, youngest of 50 year old second marriage, each had older siblings were favoured by father, felt unwanted, unloved, youngest. Idolized mother, unhappy family, thought father was a religious hypocrite, wanted to be a physician, had morbid dependency on men, Met Oskar political science student, moved to Berlin in 1909, 1917 wrote first paper on psychoanalysis, |
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Biography of Horney |
had 3 daughters, lost parents, had several love affairs, 1938 separated husband, most productive time for teaching, Freud apposed Horney she spoke out louder in opposition, 1932 established Chicago Psychoanalytic Institute. Met Erich Fromme, had affair. Started AAP Advancement of Psycho Analysis. Group suffered internal strife.Wrote Nerosis of human Growth Died1952 of cancer
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Horney had Distinctive |
Freudian flavour, wrote extensively about neuroses and neurotic personalities |
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Horney compared to Freud |
1. Horney rejected Freuds ideas on famine psychology 2. Thought psychoanalysis should move beyond instinct theory an emphasize cultural influence in shaping personality3. Man not ruled only by pleasure but safety and satisfaction 4. View of humanity is optimistic entered on cultural forces are are able to change |
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competitiveness causes |
basic hostility it creates feeling of isolation These feelings lead to needs for affection which cause people to overvalue love. Many see love an affection solution to problems. |
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Basic Hostility |
If child's need for basic safety and satisfaction are not met the child feels basic hostility. |
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Basic Anxiety |
The condition of repressed hostility that leads to feeling insecure. |
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10 Neurotic needs for neurotics |
characterize neurotics in attempts to combat basic anxiety.Neurotic need for: 1. affection and approval 2. need for powerful partner 3. restrict one's life within narrow borders-be content with very little 4. need for power 5. Neurotic need to exploit others |
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Neurotic need for neurotics |
6. social recognition and prestige 7. personal admiration-need to be admired 8. ambition and personal achievement-Drive to be best 9. self-sufficiency and independence-need to move away from people 10 need for perfection and unassailability - hide weakness from others |
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Neurotic Trends |
10 neurotic needs can be grouped into 3 general categories Normal defenses 1. Moving toward people (friendly, loving personality) 2. Moving against people survivor in competitive society 3. Moving away from people(self governing serene) |
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Neurotic Trends |
10 neurotic needs grouped into 3 categories compulsive movement (Neurotic defences) 1. towards people (compliant personality) 2. against people(aggressive personality) 3. Away from people (detached personality) |
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basic conflict |
neurotic trends to solve basic conflict, solutions are non productive and neurotic - children driven in all 3 directions toward, against, away from people |
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Moving toward people |
Protect oneself against feelings of helplessness -strive for affection and approval of others seek a powerful partner -Codependency -see themselves as loving, feeling, genuine, unselfish, humble & sensitive to other people's feelings. -rate themselves by what others think of them |
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Moving against people |
Move against people by appearing rough and tough -strong need to exploit others -seldom admit mistakes -Driven to be perfect, powerful, and superior -include need for power, exploit others, play to win -basic motivation is for power, prestige, personal ambition- others less important |
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Moving away from people |
-need for privacy, independence, self-sufficiency, -put distance between themselves and others -shun social commitments fear is to need others -refuse to let anyone close to them -need to be strong and powerful -self-sufficiency & independence -perfection and prestige |
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Idealized self-image |
solve conflict by painting idealized self image as image becomes song neurotics believe in reality and loose touch of real self |
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Self-Hatred |
powerful tendency to despise one's real self because they fall short in matching glorified self image |
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instead of growing toward self-realization neurotics move toward |
actualizing their idealized self 3 aspects of idealized image 1. neurotic search for glory 2. neurotic claims 3. neurotic pride |
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1. Neurotic Search for Glory |
Actualizing the ideal self -3 other elements are: need for perfection neurotic ambition, drive toward a vindictive triumph |
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Tyranny of the should |
try to achieve perfection by erecting a complex set of should and should nots |
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2. Neurotic Claims |
In search for glory neurotics build a fantasy world that is not in line with the real world. |
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3. Neurotic Pride |
A false pride asked not on realistic view of true self but on image of idealized self |
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Femining Psychology |
Apposed Freud difference between men and women are not result of anatomy but cultural and social expectations -Basic anxiety - core of mens need to bring women under control -recognized Oedipus Complex, said due to environmental not biology -agreed - Adler women have a masculine protest therefore believe men are superior women |
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Psychotherapy |
Neurosis grows out of basic conflict in childhood. -likely adopt 1 of 3 neurotic trends: moving toward, away, against. These can give temporary relief drive the person farther from real self and deeper into neurotic spiral |
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Goal of therapy uses dream interpretation and free association |
Help patients grow in direction so self realization -aim to have patients give up idealized self image get back search for glory and change self hatred by accepting real self -Convince patients neurotic trends are not helping get rid of neurosis but preventing healing -see how factors preserve basic needs -encourage self understanding/self analysis |
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Free Association |
Say every word that comes to mind regardless how trivial. -Free Association reveals idealized self image and inability to accomplish |
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Related Research |
neuroticism research classifying individuals on neurotic trends Horney Coolide tridemensional inventory HCTI measures against away or toward |
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Critique of Horney |
Believed people work toward self-realization but never gain a clear picture of what that is |
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What makes Horney's theory useful |
1. Generates Research-falls short 2. falsifiable - falls short 3. organize data- organized/low on explaining what is known in general about people /general 4. Guides Action - fares in neurotic trends low guiding practitioner 5. Internally consistent yes/no 6. parsimony - high |
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Concept of Humanity of Horney |
1. Free choice - slightly higher. 2. Optimistic - some what more optimistic 3.Causality vs Teleology - middle position, self realization goal/ childhood experiences can block 4. Conscious vs Unconscious- both Neurotics have little understanding of self, do not see efect 5. Social -strongly cultural and social forces 6. Similarities more- little emphasis on ind. |
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Ind who adopt Horney's neurotic trend of moving away from people typically fear: |
1. Needing others 2. Dependence upon others 3. Competition |
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According to Horney most neuroses stem from |
childhood |
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An outstanding characteristic of people who adopt Horney's trend of moving toward people is |
1. Compliance |
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According to Horney, attempts of neurotics to find love typically result in: |
Basic Anxiety |
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Horney's concept of humanity was based mostly on her: |
clinical experiences with neurotic patients. |
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People combat basic anxiety by adopting which mode of relating to people? |
Moving against, Moving towards others Moving away from others |
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Horney believe that cultural contradictions of society: |
Lead to intrapsychic conflict. |
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Which of these statements most
accurately reflects one of Horney's neurotic needs? |
"I need an emotionally strong person to tell my troubles."
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Horney believed that most neuroses
are the result of ? |
unhealthy interpersonal relations.
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The life of Horney has several parallels
to that of _____; for example, both were the youngest children of older fathers, and both had older siblings who were favored by the parents. |
Melanie Klein |
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Horney criticized psychoanalysis for its?
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concept of feminine psychology.
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Horney believed that cultural conditions
are largely responsible for the development of? |
basic anxiety |
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According to Horney, people are ruled
by safety and? |
satisfaction |
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Horney believed that a competitive
and hostile society encourages |
isolation |
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According to Horney, most neurotic
individuals |
seek love in a self-defeating fashion.
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Because Horney wrote mainly about
neurotic personalities, her theory is not relevant to healthy personality development. |
false |
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Psychologically mature individuals
enjoy seeing the achievements of their friends. |
false |
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Modern society, Horney said, is based on competition among people.
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True
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Horney believed that_______________factors,
not anatomy, were responsible for psychic differences between men and women? |
cultural (social)
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By training, Horney was a___________________
at a time when few women in Germany were trained in this profession. |
physician |
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Horney believed that modern culture
overvalues____________and undervalues cooperation. |
competition |
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Horney questioned Freud's______________
of his observations rather than the observations themselves. |
interpretations |
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People protect themselves against
_______________through affection, submission, power, or withdrawal. |
basic anxiety |
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Horney's three neurotic__________________
include moving toward, against, and away from people. |
trends |
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Neurotic behavior is more_______________
than normal behavior, and this is a primary distinction between normals and neurotics. |
compulsive
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Neurotic trends are used to solve basic,________________ which originates
in childhood when children are driven toward, against, and away from people. |
conflict
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