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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the three stages of the cell cycle?
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Interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis
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What phase of the cell cycle does a cell spend of of it's time?
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Interphase
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What are the four steps of mitosis?
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Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
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In mitosis one diploid cell divides into two indentical ______ cells.
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Diploid
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Meiosis is the division of one specialized diploid cell into four ______ cells, containing only half the amount of chromosomes as the original cell. The cells produced are called ______.
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Haploid, gamete
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Define the term crossing over.
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Chromosomes cross so tightly during metaphase 1, before splitting, that their tips becomes bonded to each others, sharing DNA information & codes before breaking away.
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What's the difference between the terms heterozygoes, homozygous dominant, and homozygous recessive?
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Heterozygous is a carrier, or dominant for the trait/disorder [Rr], homozygous dominant has the trait/disorder [RR], and homozygous recessive is the less likely trait/does not have the disorder [rr].
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What is Mendel's law of Independent Assortment?
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Mendel's law states that every individual has two alleles of each gene & when being formed, each gamete recieves one allele.
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What is meant by the terms diploid & haploid?
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A diploid cell has the same number of chromosomes at the original, a haploid cell has half as many.
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What are gametes from your mother called? From your father?
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Gamete from your mother is called 'eggs' & gamete from your father is 'sperm'.
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What is pollination?
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When pollen grain from the male plant transfers to the pollen grain in the female organ & forms a seed.
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What is fertilization?
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Male gamete unites w/female gamete forming zygotes.
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A couple has two children, both of whom are boys. What is the change that the next child will be a boy?
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Fifty percent
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What is a phenotype?
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A phenotype is what you see in the plant/person/animal. Is it red, black, soft, rough, wrinkled smooth?
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What is a genotype?
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A genotype is the allete combination of the plant/person/animal. Such as RR, Rr, or rr.
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A female guinea pig is homozygoes dominant for black fur color & is mated with a male the is homozygous white fur color. In a liter of eight offspring, there would be a ____ probability of black guinea pigs.
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100%
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What are alleles?
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Gene forms
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P1 stands for _____
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Parent one [Your parents]
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F1 stands for ______
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Filiai 1, or first generation [You]
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F2 stand for ______
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Filiai 2, or second generation [Your kids]
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What is probability & how do you find it?
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Probability is the percent change of something happening. You find it by making a Punnet square.
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What are codominant alleles? Name two examples.
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Codominant alleles cause phenotypes of two homozygotes to be produces in heterozygous individuals. Two examples would be flowers & sickle-cell anemia.
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What is incomplete dominance? Give two examples.
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Incomplete dominance is phenotypes of heterozygous individuals being intermediate between those of the two homozygotes.
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Blood type is goverened by ______
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Multiple alleles
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What is a zygote?
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A fertilized cell
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What does the term Carrier imply?
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A carrier is always homozygous. A carrier would carry a trait/disorder, but not be completely dominant for it.
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Name three recessive disorders & their traits.
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1) Cistic Fibrosis- Common in caucasions [white people]. Leaves a thick, sticky mucus in your rispiratory areas.
2) Tay-Sachs- common in the Jewish population. Peoples can not break down lipids, usually die by age five. 3) PKU- Can't break down Phenyallinine, can cause mental retardation if not treated. |
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Name one dominant disorder & it's traits.
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Huntington's disease is a dominant disorder that does not usually show up until ages 30-50. It causes a breakdown of brain tissue.
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If two parents are carriers of cystic fibrosis & have a child, what would the gentypic ratio of the possible offpsring be? What sit he probability that their offspring will be carriers?
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Genotypic ratio- 2RR: 1Rr: 1rr
% carrier- 50% |
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Two individuals that are heterozygous for Huntington's ddisease have a child. What is the genotypic ratio of their children? What is the percent chance of that child having Huntington's?
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Genotypic ratio- 1HH: 2Hh: 1hh
% diseased- 75% |
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What are some traits in humans that are controlled by polygenic inheritance?
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Skin color & height.
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A type of bird has feather that colors are codominant. The two alleles code for black & white feathers. The heterozygous birds have Checkered feathers. Cross two checkered birds. Give the phenotypic ratio of their offspring & the probability of their offspring being checkered.
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Pheotype- 1 black: 2 checkered: 1 white
% checkered- 50% |
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A person with what blood type is a universal doner?
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O
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A person with what blood type is a universal reciever?
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AB
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What type of blood can type O recieve from?
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O
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What are the coat color genotypes for rabbits. List from most dominant to least dominant.
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Grey- C, Chinchilla- c^ch, Himilayan c^h, White- c.
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