Biology - Ch. 13 - Vocab

Front 1

Change in allele frequencies in a population over time.

Back 1

Evolution

Front 2

The idea that modern geological processes of erosion and sedimentation have also occurred in the past, producing changes in the earth over time.

Back 2

Uniformitarianism

Front 3

A theory of geological change that stated that a series of brief upheavals such as floods, volcanic eruptions and earthquakes are responsible for most geological formations.

Back 3

Catastrophism

Front 4

The idea that lower rock layers are older than those above them.

Back 4

Principle of Superposition

Front 5

The idea that an organism can inherit the traits that its parent acquired during its lifetime.

Back 5

Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics

Front 6

The evolution of similar adaptations in organisms that do not share the same evolutionary lineage.

Back 6

Convergent Evolution

Front 7

Darwin's term for evolution, describing gradual change from an ancestral type of organism.

Back 7

Descent with Modification

Front 8

Selective breeding strategies in which a human chooses which organisms breed based on one or a few desired traits.

Back 8

Artificial Selection

Front 9

Differential reproduction of organisms whose genetic traits better adapt them to a particular environment.

Back 9

Natural Selection

Front 10

Relatively short-term changes in allele frequencies within a population or species.

Back 10

Microevolution

Front 11

Inherited trait that allows an organism to survive and reproduce.

Back 11

Adaptation

Front 12

All of the genes and their alleles in a population.

Back 12

Gene Pool

Front 13

An organism's contribution to the next generation's gene pool.

Back 13

Fitness

Front 14

Form of natural selection in which one extreme phenotype is fittest, and the environment selects against the others.

Back 14

Directional Selection

Front 15

Form of natural selection in which two or more extreme phenotypes are fitter than the intermediate phenotype and come to predominate.

Back 15

Disruptive/ Diversifying Selection

Front 16

Form of natural selection in which extreme phenotypes are less fit than the optimal intermediate phenotype.

Back 16

Stabilizing Selection

Front 17

Condition in which multiple alleles persist indefinitely in a population.

Back 17

Balanced Polymorphism

Front 18

Condition in which a heterozygote has greater fitness than homozygotes, maintaining balanced polymorphism in a population.

Back 18

Heterozygote Advantage

Front 19

Situation in which allele frequencies do not change from one generation to the next.

Back 19

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

Front 20

Type of natural selection resulting from variation in the ability to obtain mates.

Back 20

Sexual Selection

Front 21

A difference in appearance between males and females.

Back 21

Sexual Dimorphism

Front 22

The movement of alleles between populations.

Back 22

Gene Flow

Front 23

Genetic drift that occurs when a small, nonrepresentative group of individuals leaves their ancestral population and begins a new settlement.

Back 23

Founder Effect

Front 24

Genetic drift that occurs when many members of a population die, causing the loss of alleles that were present in the larger ancestral population.

Back 24

Population Bottleneck