Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Cell theory |
Scientific theory describing the property of cells |
1. Cells are basic unit of structure and reproduction 2. All life forms are made from one or more cells |
|
Prokaryotes |
Single called organism that does not have a membrane bound nucleus |
1. Typically bacteria 2. Unlike eukaryotes |
|
Eukaryotes |
DNA is contained within a distinct nucleus |
1. All living organisms besides eubacteria and achaebacteria 2. Have organelles 3. Means true nucleus |
|
Nucleus |
Dense organelle containing genetic material |
1. Comand center of cell 2. "The nucleus takes over controlling everything" 3. Bound by a double membrane |
|
Chromosome |
Structures that are thread like located inside the nucleus |
1. Made of protein and a single molecule of DNA 2. X shaped |
|
Nucleoid |
Contains most of genetic material in a prokaryote |
1. Means "nucleus like" 2. Not bound by a nuclear membrane |
|
Plasmids |
Double stranded DNA molecule |
1. Can replicate independent of the chromosomes 2. Often used in experiments that manipulate genes 3. Spherical |
|
Flagella |
Whip like structure that allows cells to move |
1. Move liquid past the surface of the cell |
|
Cell/plasma membrane |
Separates interior of cells from the outside invironment |
1. AKA cytoplasmic membrane 2. Selectively permeable 3. Controls movement of substances in and out of the cell |
|
Cell wall |
Rigid layer of polysaccharides out of a plants cell membrane |
1. Used to maintain structure and protect the cell |
|
Ribosomes |
Responsible for producing protein in all cells |
1. 2/3 RNA and 1/3 protein |
|
Cytoplasm |
Thick solution that fills each cell |
1. Enclosed by cell membrane 2. Composed of water, salts and proteins |
|
Cytosol |
Fluid part of cytoplasm |
1. Aqueous component 2. Not held by any organelles in the cell |
|
Organelles |
Structure with specialized function |
1. Located in cytoplasm 2. "Cells, cells, they're made of organelles" |
|
Nucleolus |
Small body in the nucleus containing protein and RNA |
1. Involved in ribosomal RNA synthesis |
|
Cytoskelton |
Helps cells maintain shape and internal organization |
1. Helps cells carry out important functions like division and movement 2. Made up of protein filaments |
|
Microtubules |
Tubular structure that helps form intracellular highways and moveable appendages |
1. Responsible from various kinds of movement |
|
Microfilaments |
Tube like cell structure composed of protein |
1. Form with Microtubules to make the cytoskeleton 2. Thinnest filaments of the cytoskeleton |
|
Rough ER |
Network of membranes involved in transport of materials with a surface studded with ribosomes |
1. Tubular 2. Within cytoplasm |
|
Smooth ER |
Network of membranes involved in transport of materials With a smooth surface
|
1. Similar function as rough ER 2. Produces hormones and lipids |
|
Golgi apparatus |
Complex of vesicles and folded membranes involved in intracellular transport |
1. Usually near the nucleus 3. Packaging organelle |
|
Vesicles |
Fluid or air filled sac |
1. Small structure, helps form Golgi apparatus |
|
Lysosomes |
Specialized vesicle |
1. Holds a variety of enzymes 2. Serve as digestive compartments |
|
Vacuoles |
Storage units of cells usually filled with water |
1. "In the vacuole we could float around for hours..." 2. Present in all plant cells |
|
Centrioles |
Helps cellular division, found near the nucleus |
1. Found in pairs 2. Found only in animal cells |
|
Cilia |
Hairlike structures that extend from the outside of the cell |
1. Identical to flagella |
|
Mitochondria |
Organelle that produces energy for the cell |
1. Powerhouse of the cell 2. Site of respiration and energy production |
|
Chloroplast |
Absorbs sun to create process of photosynthesis in a plant cell
|
1. "Running round with chloroplasts lovin sun like showers" |
|
Colony |
Group of organisms cluster together |
1. Presumably came from the same cell |
|
Multicellular |
Organisms consisting of more than one cell |
1. Opposite of unicellular |
|
Cell differentiation |
The process of a cell changing from one cell type to another |
1. Less specialized-> more specialized 2. Common in cell growth |
|
Tissue |
Ensemble of similar cells of the same origin |
1. Form organs 2. Structure level between cells and organs |
|
Organ |
Collection of tissues that serve a common function |
1. Made up of multiple tissues 2. AKA viscus |
|
Organ system |
Collection of organs with similar function |
1. Nervous, circulatory, and respiratory are all _______s. |
|
Organism |
Any contiguous living system |
1. Includes animals, plants, and bacteria |