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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is homeostasis? |
The maintenance of a constant internal environment. |
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What does glucagon do? |
Stimulates glycogen breakdown to glucose and therefore raises blood sugar. |
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What does insulin do? |
Stimulates glycogen formation from glucose and therefore lowers blood sugar. |
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What is a hormone? |
A chemical messenger transported in the blood to specific target organs. |
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What is the endocrine system? |
The system of gland which secrete different types of hormones into the bloodstream. |
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What is the latent heat of evaporation? |
The energy needed for sweat to evaporate. This comes from the body's heat. |
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What happens to hairs when the body is hot. |
Hair erector muscles relax so the hairs lie flat and therefore there is no layer of insulating air. |
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What is vasodilation? |
Small arterioles leading to capillary loops relax so more blood flows to the surface of the skin and more heat is radiated to the outside. |
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What is the tube which carries urine from the kidney to the bladder called? |
The ureter. |
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What is osmoregulation? |
Keeping the blood at a constant concentration. |
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What is excretion? |
The removal of toxic nitrogenous waste produced inside the body (urea, ammonia). |
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What does the basement membrane do? |
It only allows water and small solutes through. This is called ultrafiltration. |
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What is the start of the nephron called? |
The Bowman's Capsule |
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What happens in the proximal convoluted tubule? |
Glucose is selectively reabsorbed into capillaries surrounding the nephron via active transport. |
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How and where is water reabsorbed into the blood? |
In the loop of Henle by osmosis. |
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What is found in normal urine? |
4 Things: Urea, Water, Salt and Ammonia |
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When is ADH released? |
When the body is dehydrated. |
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What does ADH do? |
Makes the collecting duct more permeable so water is reabsorbed into the blood. |
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What does the basement membrane let through? |
6 things: Glucose, Salt, Water, Urea, Amino Acids and Ammonia. |
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Where is ADH secreted? |
The Pituitary Gland. |
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Where are Insulin and Glucose secreted? |
Islets of Langerhans - in Pancreas. |
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Where is adrenaline released? |
Adrenal gland. |
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What does adrenaline do? |
Reduces flow of blood to organs. Stimulates fight or flight. |
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Where is testosterone released? |
The testes. |
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What does testosterone do? |
Stimulates male reproductive tissue growth and promotes secondary sexual characteristics e.g increased muscle, bone mass, body hair. |
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Where are Progesterone and Oestrogen released? |
The Ovaries. |
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What does Progesterone do? |
Has key role in thickening lining of uterus each month. |
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What does oestrogen do? |
Promotes development of female reproductive structures and secondary sexual characteristics. Prepares the follicle for the release of an egg. |
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What is the order hormones are secreted in the menstrual cycle? |
FSH, Oestrogen, LH |
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What two things does FSH do? |
Causes egg to mature in ovary. Stimulates ovaries to release Oestrogen. |
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What two things does Oestrogen do? |
Stops FSH being produced so only one egg is matured in the cycle. Stimulates pituitary gland to release hormone LH. |
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What does LH do? |
Causes mature egg to be released from the ovary. |
