Holt Biology Chapter 3 Sections 2-4

Front 1

cell theory

Back 1

1. All living things are made of cells , 2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in organisms. , 3. All cells arise form existing cells

Front 2

do small cells function more efficiently than large cells?

Back 2

Yes

Front 3

if the cells surface to volume ratio is too low then,

Back 3

Substances cannot enter and leave the cell in numbers large enough to meet the cells needs.

Front 4

cell membrane

Back 4

encloses the cell and serrated the cells interior

Front 5

ribosomes

Back 5

Cellular structure on which proteins are made

Front 6

cytoplasm

Back 6

gooey substance that holds the cells organelles

Front 7

DNA

Back 7

Provides instructions for making proteins, regulates cellular activities, and enables cells to reproduce.

Front 8

which cells later lose their DNA?

Back 8

Red blood cells

Front 9

prokaryote

Back 9

Single called organism that lacks a nucleus and other internal compartments.

Front 10

early prokaryotes lived as early as

Back 10

3.5 billion years ago

Front 11

are bacteria eukaryotes or prokaryotes?

Back 11

Prokaryotes

Front 12

do prokaryote grow and divide very rapidly?

Back 12

Yes

Front 13

some prokaryotes do not need oxygen to survive. true or false?

Back 13

True

Front 14

cell wall

Back 14

Provides structure and support for the cell

Front 15

a prokaryotic cell wall is made of

Back 15

Strands of polysaccharides connected by short chains of amino acids.

Front 16

flagella

Back 16

Long threadlike structures that protrude from the cells surface and enable movement (prokaryotic cells)

Front 17

eukaryote

Back 17

Organism whose cells have a nucleus

Front 18

nucleus

Back 18

Internal compartment that houses the cells DNA

Front 19

organelle

Back 19

Structure that carries out specific activities inside of a cell

Front 20

the cytoplasm includes...?

Back 20

Everything inside the cell membrane but outside of the nucleus

Front 21

vesicles

Back 21

Move proteins and other molecules from one organelle to the other.

Front 22

cilia

Back 22

Short hairlike structures

Front 23

a web of protein fibers makes up the

Back 23

Cytoskeleton

Front 24

cytoskeleton

Back 24

Holds the cell together and keeps the cells membranes from collapsing

Front 25

cytosol

Back 25

Fluid surrounding the cytoplasms organelles, internal membranes, and cytoskeleton fibers

Front 26

the cytoskeleton is anchored to

Back 26

The inside of the plasma membrane

Front 27

antibody

Back 27

Immune system protein specialized to bind to one particular kind of molecule, proteins.

Front 28

the cytoplasm of a cell is contained by its

Back 28

Membrane

Front 29

the fluidity of membranes is caused by

Back 29

Lipids, which form the foundation of membranes

Front 30

phospholipid

Back 30

Lipid made of a phosphate group and two fatty acids

Front 31

a phospholipids head is

Back 31

Polar

Front 32

a phospholipids two tails are both

Back 32

Non polar

Front 33

polar heads repel or attract water?

Back 33

Attract water

Front 34

phospholipids are arranged in

Back 34

A double layer called a lipid bilayer

Front 35

the no polar tails make up the

Back 35

Interior of the lipid bilayer

Front 36

most polar ,ole dukes are repelled by

Back 36

The non polar interior of the lipid bilayer

Front 37

receptor proteins

Back 37

Bind specific substances such as signal molecules outside the cell.

Front 38

most functions of a eukaryotic cell are controlled by the

Back 38

Nucleus

Front 39

nuclear envelope

Back 39

Double membrane that surrounds the nucleus

Front 40

the nuclear envelope is made of

Back 40

Two lipid bilayers that separate the nucleus from the cytoplasm

Front 41

nuclear pores

Back 41

Small channels through the envelope

Front 42

eukaryotic DNA is wound tightly around

Back 42

Proteins

Front 43

some of the ribosomes in a eukaryotic cell are suspended in the

Back 43

cytosol

Front 44

vesicles

Back 44

Small membrane bound sacks that transport substances in cells

Front 45

smooth ER makes _____ and breaks down ____ substances

Back 45

Lipids, toxic

Front 46

Golgi apparatus

Back 46

Set of flattened, membrane bound sacs that serve as the packaging and distribution center of the cell

Front 47

other vesicles include

Back 47

Lysosomes

Front 48

lysosomes

Back 48

Small spherical organelles that contain the cells digestive enzymes

Front 49

nearly all eukaryotic cells contain many

Back 49

Mitochondria

Front 50

mitochondria

Back 50

Organelle that harvests energy from organic compounds to make ATP

Front 51

the three things plant cells have that others do not are the

Back 51

Cell wall, chloroplasts, and the central vacuole

Front 52

chloroplasts

Back 52

Organelles that use light energy to make carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water.

Front 53

central vacuole

Back 53

Stores water, and when full makes the plant rigid which forces it to stand upright.

Front 54

cell wall is composed of

Back 54

Proteins and carbohydrates