Biology Chapter 1 [Sections 3&4]

Front 1

an organized approach of learning how the natural world works, based on two important principles

1) events in the natural world have natural causes
2) uniformity

Back 1

the scientific method

Front 2

idea that the fundamental laws of nature operate the same way at all places and at all times

Back 2

uniformity

Front 3

the act of perceiving a natural occurence that causes someone to pose a question

Back 3

observation

Front 4

a proposed explanation for the way a particular aspect of the natural world functions

Back 4

hypothesis

Front 5

statement that forcasts what would happen in a test situation if the hypothesis were true

Back 5

prediction

Front 6

used to test a hypothesis and its predictions

Back 6

experiment

Front 7

used by scientists to test hypotheses, this compares an experimental group and a control group and only has one variable

Back 7

controlled experiment

Front 8

provides a normal standard against which the biologist can compare results of the experimental group

Back 8

control goup

Front 9

identical to the control group excempt for the independent variable

Back 9

experimental group

Front 10

also called the manipulated variable; this is what distinguishes the experimental group from the control group

Back 10

independent variable

Front 11

responding variable; factor that is affected by the independent variable

Back 11

dependent variable

Front 12

data measured in numbers

Back 12

quantitative data

Front 13

conclusion made on the basis of facts and previous knowledge rather than on direct observations

Back 13

inference

Front 14

when a set of related hypotheses is confirmed to be true many times, and it can explain a great amount of data, it is reclassified as this

Back 14

theory

Front 15

section of a research paper that describes how researchers proceeded with the experiment

Back 15

materials and methods

Front 16

section of the research paper that states the findings the experiment presented

Back 16

results

Front 17

section of a research paper that poses the problem and hypotheses to be investigated

Back 17

introduction

Front 18

section of a research paper that gives the significance of the experiment and future directions the scientists will take

Back 18

discussion

Front 19

process in which scientists who are experts in the field anonymously read and critique the research paper

Back 19

peer review

Front 20

objects used to improve the performance of a task

Back 20

tools

Front 21

tools that extend human vision by making enlarged images of objects

Back 21

microscopes

Front 22

microscope that shines light through a specimen and has two lenses to magnify an image

Back 22

compound light microscope

Front 23

part of a compound light microscope which magnifies the image

Back 23

eyepiece [ocular lens]

Front 24

part of a compound light microscope through which light passes after passing through the specimen. enlarges the image of the specimen

Back 24

objective lens

Front 25

part of a compound light microscope; platform that supports a slide holding a specimen

Back 25

stage

Front 26

light source in a compound light microscope that provides light for viewing the image. either reflected in a mirror, or an incandescent light from a small lamp

Back 26

light source

Front 27

the increase of an objects apparent size

Back 27

magnification

Front 28

the structure that holds the set of objective lens

Back 28

nosepiece

Front 29

the degree of enlargement

Back 29

the power of magnification

Front 30

the power to show details clearly to an image

Back 30

resolution

Front 31

type of electron microscope which produces an image of the object's surface
can magnify ojects up to 100,000 times

Back 31

scanning electron microscope
[sem]

Front 32

type of electron microscope that can magnify up to 200,000 times and shows an organism's internal structure

Back 32

transmission electrom microscope
[tem]

Front 33

standard system of measurement used by scientists; decimal system based on powers of ten

Back 33

metric system

Front 34

seven fundamental units in the system of units that describe length, mass, time, and other quantities

Back 34

base units

Front 35

used for measurements suh as surface area or velocity, these are produced by the mathematical relationship between two base units

Back 35

derived units