(Hoa) 02 - Egyptian Architecture

Front 1

Means of communication, highway and lifeline

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Nile River

Front 2

Egypt's greatest wealth

Back 2

Fertile soil

Front 3

Abundant building material except on temples and pyramids

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Stone

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Limestone, sandstone, alabaster

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Soft stone

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Granite, quartize, basalt, porphyry

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Hardstone

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Made up of clay and chopped stone for pyramids and temples

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Sand Dried Bricks

Front 7

Used as roofing material

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Date Palm

Front 8

Material used for boats

Back 8

Acacia

Front 9

Material used for mummy cases

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Sycamore

Front 10

Were built because they believe in "Life after Death" and for preservation of the deadbody

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Pyramids

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Are Tomb-houses that were made to take the body at full length,flat top or taperes solid temple

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Mastaba

Front 12

Is a royal architect, superintendent of pyramids in Egypt

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Thi

Front 13

Is the upright stone slab containing the name of the dead found in the mastaba

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Stele

Front 14

Developed the 3rd type of tomb

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Mentuhetep II

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Finished the construction of Hypostyle Hall and erection of the Rock Temple at Abu Simbel and the Remission, Thebes

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Rameses II

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Cut deep into the mountain rock

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Rock Hewn Tomb

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Is on the top of the 4 Collosal Statues of Rameses

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Baboons Sculpture

Front 18

Sculptured with 20 mts. high colossal statues

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Temple of Abu Simbel

Front 19

How many years did Abu Simbel took to be built?

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20 yrs.

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Founded the Great Temple of Ammon Kharnak

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Amenemhat I

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Grandest of all temples

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Great Temple of Ammon Kharnak

Front 22

Began the additions to the Temple of Ammon, Kharnak

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Thotmes I

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Began the construction of the Great Hypostyle Hall

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Rameses I

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Queen of Egypt, famous for her funerary temple at Mt. Der-El-Bahari

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Hatshepsut

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Erected the earliest known Obelisk at Helipolis

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Senusrets

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The one responsible for cleaning away of sand from the Sphinx

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Thotmes IV

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Erected the Colossi of Memnon, one of the wonders of the world

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Amenophis III

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Built the Pharaohs or the Light House

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Ptolemy II

Front 29

Founded the Greatest Serapeum at Alexandria

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Ptolemy III

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Form of government in Egypt

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Monarchy

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King of Egypt, ruler, highest priest in Egypt

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Pharaoh

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Normal successor to the throne

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Son of Pharaoh

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King's most powerful official

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Vizier

Front 34

Controls the royal treasuries, granaries and supervises the census

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Chancelor

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In charge of the King's personal estate and household

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Chief Steward

Front 36

Built by Imhotep, oldest surviving masonry building structure.

Ex. Pyramid of King Zoser

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Step Pyramid

Front 37

Also known as blunt pyramid

Ex. Pyramid of King Seneferu

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Bent Pyramid

Front 38

Examples are Pyramids of Cheops/ Khufu, Pyramid of Chefren or Khafra and Pyramid of Mykerinos or Menkaura

Examples are Pyramids of Cheops/ Khufu, Pyramid of Chefren or Khafra and Pyramid of Mykerinos or Menkaura

Back 38

Slope Pyramid

Front 39

First known Architect

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Imhotep

Front 40

2x the area in plan of the famous St. Peter's Basilica

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Pyramid of Cheops or Khufu

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Each of the steps is equated to Heaven according to Astrology in Egyptology

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Step Pyramid

Front 42

A type of pyramid with 2 different degrees of inclinations

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Bent Pyramid

Front 43

It is said that only kings and priests can enter theses during ancient times

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Pyramids

Front 44

Parts of Pyramid Complex

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1. Elevated Causeway

2. Offering Chapel

3. Mortuary

4. Valley Building

Front 45

Head of a man and body of a lion

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Androsphinx

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Head of a ram and body of a lion

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Criosphinx

Front 47

Head of a hawk and body of a lion

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Heiraosphinx

Front 48

Also known as the small temple, dedicated to the Goddess Hathor and Ramesses II chief consort, Nefertari

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Temple of Hathor and Nefertari

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One of the best known queens of ancient egypt and was the wife of Akhenaten also known as King Amenhotep IV.

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Nefertiti

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Husband of Queen Nefertiti

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Akhenaten / Amenhotep IV

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Massive sloping towers fronted by an obelisks known as gateways in egypt

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Pylon

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Large outer court open to the sky

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Hypaethral Court

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A pillared hall in which the roofs rest on columns

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Hypostyle Hall

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Usually surrounded by passages and chambers used in connection with the temple service

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Sanctuary

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Where mystical monster were placed

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Avenue of Sphinx

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Mortuary Temple of Rameses II

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The Ramasseum

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Writings and pictures from the walls

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Hieroglyphics

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The four sons of Horus

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Imset (liver), Duamutef (stomach), Qebehsenuf (intestines), Ha'py (lungs)

Front 59

Hatshepsut's chancellor, royal architect and possible lover

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Senemut

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Ceiling with hieroglyphics

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Hieroceiling

Front 61

4 Capitals of Egyptian Architecture

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1. Palm Capital

2. Lotus Bud Capital

3. Hathor Capital

4. Bell Capital