Hiv/ Aids (8-19)

Front 1

what is PrEP?

Back 1

- type of antiretroviral therapy (HIV tx) that can be used to prevent HIV

-made with tenofovir and emtricitabine

Front 2

4th generation HIV test tests for:

Back 2

presence of the p24 antigen

also called HIV-1/2 antigen/ab combination immunoassay

Front 3

what are APOBEC3G, TRIM5a, tetherin, and SAMHD1?

Back 3

HIV restriction factors that work intracellularly to inhibit viral replication

Front 4

HIV restriction factor genes are stimulated by:

Back 4

interferons

Front 5

restriction factors within an HIV-infected cell can be inhibited by:

Back 5

HIV accessory proteins

Front 6

how long does it take for b cells to make a neutralizing ab for HIV

Back 6

12 wks

Front 7

elite controllers of HIV infection have:

Back 7

more functional CD8 T cells

(e.g. more perforin, granzyme-B and cytokine production)

Front 8

How does an individual with MHC class 1 alleles HLA B57 & 27 handle HIV differently?

Back 8

can control viremia better

Front 9

How does an individual with MHC class 1 alleles HLA B57 and NK receptors KIR3DS1/DL1 handle HIV differently?

Back 9

These ppl have a slower progression to AIDS

Front 10

what makes HIV so difficult to cure

Back 10

it integrates into host DNA (and persists in long lived memory CD4+ T cells)

Front 11

Why is early HIV treatment important?

Back 11

-limit latent reservoir size

-limit the development of viral escape mutants

-increase plasma and memory B cells

-imporve B cell function

-preserve mucosal immune function (maintain Th17 cells)

Front 12

what happens if someone ceases to use ART?

Back 12

latently infected cells become activated and make infectious virus

allows for ART-resistant viruses to grow

Front 13

people who start HIV tx earlier have _________ viral loads and may be __________ to cure.

Back 13

lower, easier

Front 14

HIV resistance comes from:

Back 14

mutations in viral genes in places that encode molecular targets of therapy

Front 15

why does HIV resistance happen?

Back 15

-HIV diversity

-HIV replication

-anti-HIV drug selection pressure

Front 16

why is the use of multiple classes of HIV medications necessary?

Back 16

-viral load will have a ton of different types of mutations present

-targets different parts of the life cycle

Front 17

what are the different types of HIV resistance testing?

Back 17

HIV genotype (asses genetic composition to determine resistant mutations)

HIV phenotype (assess the ability of drugs to inhibit viral replication in cultured cells)

Front 18

when is HIV genotype testing done (4)?

Back 18

1. at entry to care

2. when HIV RNA is >1000 copies/mL

3. not optimal response to therapy

4. considered when HIV RNA is between 500-1000 copies/mL

Front 19

when is HIV phenotype testing preferred?

Back 19

when complex drug resistance mutations are present

(these are expensive)

Front 20

What is immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS)?

Back 20

worsening of preexisting infection following the initiation of ART

Front 21

Diagnostic criteria for IRIS:

Back 21

-low pre-tx CD4 count (<100)

-virologic and immunologic response to ART

-happens around the time of starting ART

Front 22

Tx for IRIS:

Back 22

supportive

maybe steroids

CONTINUE ART

Front 23

if acute HIV infection is of concern, what test can be done?

Back 23

HIV viral load/ HIV NAT (nucleic acid test)