Hiv/ Aids

Front 1

acute retroviral syndrome

Back 1

occurs 1-2 weeks after infx
flu like syptoms. often called primary hiv infx. may be mistaken for common cold of flu

Front 2

seroconversion

Back 2

hiv now detectable in blood 3 weeks to 3 months after onset infx

Front 3

hiv testing

Back 3

eia
westren blot
oraquick rapid
unigold

Front 4

cd4

Back 4

initaly then q3-6 months
viral load the same

Front 5

HAART

Back 5

highly active antiretroviral therapy
goal; supress plasma hiv rna(decrease viral load)increase # of cd4, delay hiv progression

Front 6

COMBIVAR

Back 6

2 NRTIS IN ONE

Front 7

EPIZICOM

Back 7

2 nrtis in one

Front 8

trizivir

Back 8

3 nrtis in one

Front 9

truvada

Back 9

1nrtis and an nnrti

Front 10

atripla

Back 10

2 nrtis and an nnrti

Front 11

hiv teaching

Back 11

good nutrition, rest, excercise, decrease stress

Front 12

hiv complications

Back 12

periphral neuropathy,impared glucose tolerance, lipid abnormaites/lipodystrophy syndrome, hiv dementia or aids dementia complex

Front 13

aids

Back 13

hiv positive, cd4 below 200, dx w/1 or more aids defing illness

Front 14

aids opportunistic infx

Back 14

pcp, ks, cmv, candidiasis, mycrobacterium avium complex, tb

Front 15

nursing interventions

Back 15

educate, pervent, pain control, psych

Front 16

pt education
report signs immediatly

Back 16

loc, ha, n/v, dizzy, vison changes, sob, dehydrastion, jaundice, cp, ferver, oral lesions, seizures, rash, new weakness, abd pain increased d

Front 17

report in 24 hrs

Back 17

new onset ha, burning itching eyes, vag discharge, diff eating r/t sores, watery d, new prod cough,

Front 18

pt ed r/t antiviral drugs

Back 18

know to take w/ food or not, take full dose on schedule, take alldrugs per do, let md know all other meds, educate on viral load, test viral load p 2 weeks, a undetectable viral load does not mean you dont have hiv

Front 19

sereoconversion

Back 19

2nd step w/hiv infx 8days-10 weeks p phi.

Front 20

hiv lifecycle

Back 20

binds to t cells, viral rna released in the cells, rna converts to dna, viral dna enters the tcells nuclus and insert itself into t cells dna, t cell makes copy of hiv components , protease helps create new virus particles, new hiv viron is relased from t cells

Front 21

symptomatic hiv infx

Back 21

decrease t cells = pcp, and candidiasis pts seek tx at this point

Front 22

arv's

Back 22

interfere w the viruses ablity to replicate. known as reverse transcriptase inhibitors. include nrtis and nnrtis

Front 23

protease inhibitors

Back 23

prevent the protese enzyme from cutting the viral proteins and infecting new cd4 cells

Front 24

fusion inhibitors

Back 24

affect the ablity to fuse with and enter the cell

Front 25

lipoatrophy

Back 25

loss of subq

Front 26

t cells

Back 26

help body fight common infx; target site of hiv

Front 27

complications of hiv

Back 27

wasting syndrome, lipodystrophy, diarrhea, anemia, infection, metabolic syndrome, and depression.

Front 28

diarrhea diet

Back 28

Other interventions such as altering the diet to include the BRAT diet (bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast), eating foods high in soluble fiber (oatmeal, cream of wheat, grits, and soft bread), and avoiding foods high in unsoluble fiber, milk products, and greasy foods.

Front 29

metalbolic syndromes

Back 29

altered metabolic states include: insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, altered glucose metabolism, low serum testosterone levels, low serum growth hormone levels, increased viral load, oxidative stress, and altered retention of calcium bone stores

Front 30

nrtis/ side effects

Back 30

Tenofovir (TDF)


Headache, Lactic Acidosis, GI complaints, renal insufficiency

Zidovudine (ZDV)


Headache, Lactic Acidosis, GI complaints, bone marrow suppression

Didanosine (DDI)


Lactic Acidosis, GI complaints, Pancreatitis, Peripheral Neuropathy

Zalcitabine (DDC)


Peripheral Neuropathy, Lactic Acidosis

Stavudine (D4T)


Pancreatitis, lipodystrophy, neuromuscular weakness

Abacvir (ABC)


Lactic Acidosis, Hypersensitivity reac

Front 31

nnrtis and side effects

Back 31

Nevirapine (NVP)


Rash, Hepatitis, Hepatic necrosis




Delavirdine (DLV)


Rash, Headache, Transaminases




Efavirenz (EFV)


Rash, CNS symptoms, Teratogenic, Increased transaminases

Front 32

pi and side effects

Back 32

Saquinavir (SQV)







Ritonavir (RTF)


GI intolerance, hepatitis




Indinavir (IDV)


Nephrolithiasis, GI intolerance, increased bilirubin levels




Nelfinavir (NFV)


diarrhea




Amprenavir (APV)


GI intolerance, rash




Atazamavir (ATV)


Increased bilirubin levels, PR prolongation

Front 33

fusion inhibitor side effects

Back 33

Enfurirtide


Local injection reactions, increased rate of bacterial pneumonia, hypersentivity reactions

Front 34

med side effects

Back 34

· Fever – 96%

· Lymphadenopathy – 74%

· Pharyngitis – 70%

· Rash – 70%

· Myalgia/anthralgia – 54%

· Diarrhea – 32%

· Headache – 32%

· Nausea and vomiting – 27%

· Hepatosplenomegaly – 14%

· Weight loss (perhaps to the extreme) 13%

· Thrush – 12%

Front 35

thrush

Back 35

Candidiasis (Thrush) – caused by Candida fungus, similar to baker’s yeast. Found on skin and mucous membranes.

Symptoms


White furry patches form in mouth, can spread to esophagus

Diagnosis


Visual, smear/culture

Front 36

histoplasmosis

Back 36

Histoplasmosis – fungal caused by an organism found in soil and spread by bird droppings. Infects lungs and blood, can spread throughout body.

Symptoms


Fever, weight loss, breathing difficulties

Diagnosis


Smear/culture

Front 37

zoster

Back 37

Shingles – herpes zoster is the causative agent in this painful condition. Non-AIDs patients can get this disease, but not a severely.

Symptoms


Painful rash following nerve pathways

Diagnosis


visual

Front 38

hairy leukoplakia

Back 38

Hairy Leukoplakia – abnormal plaque growth in mouth caused by Epstein-Barr organism. This is also a member of the herpes family.

Symptoms


Plaque growth(s) in mouth and tongue

Diagnosis


Visual

Front 39

pcp

Back 39

Pneumocystis carinii (PCP) – most serious opportunistic infection found in immunocompromised patients. Caused by a protozoan found in water and soil. Found in 50% of all AIDs patients.

Symptoms


Dry cough, shortness of breath

Diagnosis


Chest x-ray, culture

Front 40

toxoplasmosis

Back 40

Toxoplasmosis – protozoan toxoplasma gondii found in raw or undercooked meat and cat feces.

Symptoms


Can invade many body organs, in AIDs patients usually infects the brain causing convulsions, disorientation, and dementia

Diagnosis


Culture/smear

Front 41

tb

Back 41

Tuberculosis (TB) - mycobacterium is the causative agent. Usually infects the lungs, but can infect many other body systems.

Symptoms


Lungs: cough (more than 2 weeks), night sweats, fever

Diagnosis


Chest x-ray, culture/smear, Mantoux screening test

Front 42

mac

Back 42

Mycobacteria Avium Complex (MAC or MAI) – found in the water, soil, dust, and food. Infects the lungs, intestines, liver, and lymph nodes.

Symptoms


Fever, diarrhea, weight loss, stomach pain, fatigue, enlarged liver/spleen

Diagnosis


Culture/smear

Front 43

kaposis sarcoma

Back 43

Kaposi’s Sarcoma – tumor of the blood and lymph vessels

Symptoms


Pink, purple, or brown skins lesions commonly on trunk, but can appear on the face

Diagnosis


Biopsy, visual

Front 44

aids dementia

Back 44

AIDs related Dementia – HIV can cause damage to brain cells slowly over time

Symptoms


Loss of mental function, difficulty reasoning, forgetfulness, depressive personality changes

Diagnosis


MRI/CAT

Front 45

nursing care

Back 45

educate no more disease spread!

Front 46

early hiv sx

Back 46

Rapid weight loss

· Dry cough

· Recurring fever or night sweats

· Profound and unexplained fatigue

· Swollen lymph nodes

· Diarrhea lasting longer than one week

· White spots or blemishes in mouth

· Pneumonia

· Red, brown, pink, or purplish blotches on skin

· Memory loss, depression, and other neurological disorders

· Rash

· Leukopenia or thrombocytopenia (or both)

Front 47

nursing dx

Back 47

Chronic diarrhea related to medication side effects

· Poor nutritional intake resulting in weight loss

· Risk for depression

· Ineffective grieving patterns

· Risk for altered adherence to pharmacological regime

· Risk for infection

· Risk for anemia

· Risk for diarrhe

Front 48

cd4

Back 48

CD4+: a receptor antigen on the T-4 helper surface

Front 49

cytotoxic t cells

Back 49

Cytotoxic T cells: recognize and destroy cells coated with antigens

Front 50

antigen

Back 50

Antigen: any substance that triggers an immune response.

Front 51

retrovirus

Back 51

Retrovirus: a virus with an RNA core rather than a DNA core

Front 52

t helper cells

Back 52

T-helper cells: leukocytes that turn on immune system function

Front 53

seropositive

Back 53

Seropositive: a condition in which antibodies to a particular disease producing organism are found in the blood