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169 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Took place in Germany
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Nuremburg Trials
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What people were placed on trial in Germany?
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Nazi leaders
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The most important _______ ________ were placed on trial by an ___________ ________
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Nazi leaders, international court
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In Japan, _____ ________ wa splaced on trial-he was _________
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Hideki Tojo, hanged
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headquarters of United Nations is in _ ____
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New York
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UN has two major branches-name these two
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1. General Assembly
2. Security Council |
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Made up of every nation that is a member of the UN
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General Assembly
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In the General Assembly, each nation recieves __ __
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1 vote
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today there are ____ nations in the UN
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191
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part of UN that handles most disputes between nations
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Security Council
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Consists of ____ permanent members (countries_ and ___ temporary members (countries)
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5 permanent, 10 temporary
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Permanent members are
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britain, china, UnitedStates, Russia and France
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If any of the 5 permanent members votes against a matter brought to the security councilthe matter ___ _______ _______
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does not pass (veto)
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most important official in the UN
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Secretary General (kofi annan
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_____ groups emerged after WWI
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3
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the noncommunist countries (led by the ___) were called the ____
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U.S., west
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The communist countries (led the the USSR) were called the __
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east
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did not usually take the side of either the east or the west
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non aligned nations
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non aligned nations are primarily found in
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Latin America, Africa, Asia
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non aligned nations were often _________ nations: called _______ _______ __________
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underdeveloped nations: called Third World Countries
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definition of cold war
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conflict between the east and the west-particularly between the U.S. and U.S.S.R
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name the 8 countries later called east germany
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Poland, Romania, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Albania, and the Russian controlled zone of Germnay
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called Russian satellites
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Poland, Romania, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Albania, and the Russian controlled zone of Germnay
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U.S.S.R and these countries became known as "____ ______" countries
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iron curtain
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the three baltic states _______,________ and _____ were no longer _________ ___________
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estonia, latvia, lithuania, were no longer separate states
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had been made a part of the U.S.S.R
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estonia, latvia, lithuania
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After WWII, the U.S. announced that its policy toward commmunism would be __________ (definition:
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containment: stopping the spread of communism
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Europe experienced tremendous ecomnomic problems after WWII-many Europeans began to think the solution was
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communism
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the marshall plan was proposed by
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George C. Marshall
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Former WWII general
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George C. Marshall
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Now was President Harry Truman's ______ of ________
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secretary of state
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Gave U.S. money to European nations-this helped stop the spread of Communism
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George C. Marshall (marshall plan)
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_________ blocked all means of entrance by ground into the
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Russia,western part of Berlin
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This area of western berlin was controlled by _________,__________ and the ________
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Britain, France, and the U.S.
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Russia wanted to take over this area (what area?)
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the part controlled by britain, france, u.s. (western berlin
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_____._________ and ________ flew supplies into western Berlin until Russia reopened the entrances almost a year later
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britain, france and u.s.
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U.S., Britain and France combined their zones to form ___ _________ and __ ___________ (these were ______________)
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west germnay and west berlin
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in ___ _________ and ____ __________, Russia had set up a ____________ government
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east germnay and east Berlin
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NATO consisted of what kind of countires?
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non communist
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established by __ ______________ countries on both sides of the atlantic
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non communist
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NATO stands for
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north atlantic Treaty Organizatino
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U.S. is a memeber of
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North Atlantic Treaty Organizatoin
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These countries promise to help each other in case of attack
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NATO
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These countries promise to help in case of war
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Warsaw Pact
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maintains an army today
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NATO
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Today __ countries are members
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26
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Organized by USSR and most other _____ ______ ________
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iron curtain countries
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similar to NATO
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Warsaw pact
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the civil war that began resumed after ______ in what country?
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WWII, china
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___________ ld the commmunists (china)
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mao zedong
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_________ led the Chinese Nationalists (non communists)
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Chiang Kai-Shek
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U.S. gave money and military equipment to
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chiang kai-shek
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U.S. decided not to send troops to help
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chiang
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_____'s group won
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mao's
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_____ was the leader of _______ china until he died-country was also called
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people's republic of china
mainland china red china |
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________________ and his followers fled to _________
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chiang kai sheck and his followers fled to taiwan
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island off the coast of china
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taiwan
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taiwan was also called
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Formosa
republicof China Nationalist |
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After WWII, korea was
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divided
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south korea was
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noncommunist
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north korea
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communist
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North Korea _________ south korea in a attempt to make south korean _____________
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attacked, communist
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the _____ ____________ ________ voted to send troops to help ____ __ most ofthe troops were from the ___
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un security council, south korea, us
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U.S. General Douglas MacArthur was _________- of the ______ ________
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commander of the U.S. troops
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THe U.S. never declared war on _______ ___________
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North Korea
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__________ _______ sent thousands of troops to help _______ _______
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Communist China sent thousands of troops to help North Korea
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MacArthur wanted to ____ _________ _____
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bomb communist China
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opposed this idea
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President Truman
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Truman feared this could cayse a world war becuase ______might help ____________ _______
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Russia,Communist China
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Truman wanted a ___________ war
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limited
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the lmited war would be limited to
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korea
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__________ ignored Truman's ordersnot to discuss the matter publicly, ________ was fired
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macarthur
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after the war
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Korea remained divided
South Korea is noncommunist today North Korea is communist today us still has troops in korea today |
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After Joseph Stalin died, ________ was the new leader
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Khrushchev
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In destalinization, K did 3 things
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1. condemned his actions
2. tore down memorials to stalin 3. Renamed Stalingrad to Volgograd |
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def.. of peaceful coexistence
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the east woould avoid war with the west
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began the space race
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the launching of the Russian satellite Sputnik
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in __________, Khrushchev sent ________ and ______ and crushed a rebellion against Russia
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Hungary, Khrushchev sent troops and tanks
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Although this country appealed the UN and the West for help, none was given
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Hungary
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thousands of hungarians were killed-thousands ___ the country
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fled
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_________ built the Berlin wall to keep the ___ germans from fleeing to ____ ______
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Khrushchev built the Berlin Wall to keep the East Germans from fleeing to West Berlin
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The Cuban dictator was overthrown by this man
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Fidel Castro
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Still dictator today
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Castro
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Began placing nuclear missiles in Cuba
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Russia
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President _________ ordered the U.S. Navy to __________ Cuba to stop _______ _______ _________ shipments from reaching Cuba
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Kennedy order the u.s. navy to blockade Cuba to stop additional military Russian
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_________ ordered Russia withdraw the missiles
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Kennedy
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Said that if nuclear missiles were fired from Cuba, the U.S. would launch a _______ ______ on Russia
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nuclear attack
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For a few days, the US and USSR were on the verge of
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nuclear war
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_________ agreed to withdraw the missieles in exchange for _______'s promise that the U.S would not invade Cuba to ________ _________
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Khrushchev, Kennedy's, overthrow Castro
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Khruschev was ____________ by communist party officials in ________ becuase he had "_________ ___________"
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removed, Russia, "backed down"
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Died in office
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Brezhnev
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Sent troops to Czechoslovakia
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Brezhnev
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Sent troops to Czechoslovakia
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Brezhnev
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State the Brezhnev Doctrine
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It said Russia would intervene with its European satellites if rebellions or threats of rebellions occured
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__________ took contorl of Indochina
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French
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Indochina consists of
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Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia
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Durin WWWI, _____ gained control of Indochina
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Japana
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French attempted to control Indochina after WWII...who drove them back out?
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Vietnam
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Vietnam was divided into two sections: name these
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North Vietnam and South Vietnam
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Leader of Communists/name part of vietnam that was communist
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Ho Chi Minh, North
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Noncommunist part of Vietname
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South
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_________ ______________ wanted elecetions for government leaders to be held
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North Vietnamese
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__________ vietnamese governement did NOT allow the elections
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South. Even though this is weird for North to be wanting elections, this happened
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2 groups in Vietnam wanted to make South Vietname Communist: name these
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1. North vietnamese goverment
2. A group of South Vietnamese COMMUNISTS called the Vietcong |
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President while U.S. sent miltary supplies and miltary advisers to _____ vietname
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Dwight D. Eisenhower, SOUTH
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Reasons why U.S. sent these items: (2)
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1. Containment
2. Domino theory |
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State the domino theory
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Belief that if Sotuh Vietnam fell to Commmunism, so would other countires in the area
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Trained the South Vietnamese troops
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the military advisers
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Announced that ________ vietnam had fired on two US ships
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President Lyndon Johnson, North
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located off the coast of North Vietnam
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Gulf of Tonkin
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Gave the president the right to use the military as he saw fit in Vietnam
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Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
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Johnson never mentioned that the U.S. ships supposedly attacked had been _______ the _______ _____ attack the North
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helping the south vietnamese attack the north
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The U.S. never declared war on _______ ________
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north vietnam
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Soon, hundreds of thousands of U.S. troops were fighting-no longer just advising
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advising
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a few ______ sent troops to help _____ _____
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countries sent troops to help south vietnam
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Communist Vietnam recieved supplies from ____ and ________
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Communist China and Soviet UNnion
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______ ____________ demonstrations took place in the US
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Anti war
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some _____ their draft cards
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burned
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many americans ___________ the war
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supported
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many americans ___________ the war
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supported
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Began Vietnamizatoin
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Richard nNIxon
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Define Vietnamization
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the gradual withdrawal of US troops and the fighting turned over to the south vietnamese government
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An agreement was reached whereby the fighting ended in Vietnam (2)
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1. Remaining U.S troops were withdrawn
2. That South Vietnam would continue to elect its own government |
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However, the _________ vietnamese and _____ took over all of South Vietnam
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North, Vietcong
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Todya, all of VIetnam is
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communist
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becayse the war was so controversial, viet vets recived little ______ on returning to the us
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thanks
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__ was taken over by the communist and is still communist today
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Laos
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Cambodian communists are called
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Khmer Rouge
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Took over Cambodia and killed millions
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Khmer Rouge
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leader of Khmer Rouge
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Pol Pot
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No longer communist today
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Cambodia
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hundreds of thousands fled _________
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indochina
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detente
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relaxation of tensions
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_______ invaded Afghanistan
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Russia
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why did Russia invade Afghanistan?
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to help the weak communist government there
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To show US disapproval of this invason, President Jimmy Carter (2)
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1. had the us boycott the summer olympics in moscow
2. stopped the sale of us grain to USSR |
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detente ended primarliy because of 3 things
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1. Afghanistan invasion
2. election of reagan 3. Communist crackdown in poland |
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Reagan promised to (2)
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be tougher with the soviets and greatly increase US spending
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A labor union was organized in Poland- called ______, leader was ____ ___. Held _______ and ________ against the communist government
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Solidarity, Lech Walesa, Held strikes and protests
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Later, _____ and many other ________ leaders were jailed
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Walesa and other solidarity
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_________ said ____ might build a system called SDI (Explain SDI)
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Reagan said US might build a system called Strategic Defense Iniative
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Nickname of SDI
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"Star Wars"
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SDI could
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shoot nuclear missiles
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US announced it would not develop SDI-however US is
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working ona different method of shooting down nuclear misslesq
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New Soviet leader after Brezhnev
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Mikhail Gorbachev
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name Gorbachev's two important policies
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1. Glasnost
2. Perestroika |
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Perestroika means
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"restructuring"
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Gorbachev made major changes in the USSR, he tried to (3)
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1. make economic changes
2. Allowed SOME free electoins 3. Fired those who opposed his reforms |
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Glasnost
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"openess"
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Because of Glasnost, soviet government allowed more rights such as
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freedom of speech and freedom to travel
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Some in USSSR thought changes were too ____ while most thought the changes were too _____
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fast, slow
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Withdrew troops from Afghanistan
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Gorbachev
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People in communist countires of ________ _______ began rebelling against their governments
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Eastern Europe
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Gorbachev did not send any troops to stop this
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the rebellig of people in Eastern Europe
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Said USSR wouldno longer follow Brezhnev Doctrine
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Gorbachev
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for the first time since wwii, all communist countries in europe had ______ _____
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free elections
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________ _______- was dismantled
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Berlin Wall
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Elected President of Poland
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Lech Walesa
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__________ ______ fell apart
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War saw pact
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many republics within _____ wanted independence
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USSR
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a ____ took place in USSR
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Done by communist
"hard liners" who thought Gorbachev had allowed too many changes |
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Gorc\bachev was placed under
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house arrest
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the coup ________ withing a few days
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collapsed
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the coup ________ withing a few days
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collapsed
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________ returned to power
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Gorbachev
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Resigned
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Gorbachev
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USSR ceased to exist
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and became seperate nations.
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Cold war was over when
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Gorbachev resigned
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Cold war was over when
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Gorbachev resigned
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