World History Notes - Chapter 15, Section 1 And 2

Front 1

Colonialism

Back 1

The conquest of one or more nations by another nations

Front 2

Imperialism

Back 2

The dominance and power asserted by one nation over less powerful nations

Front 3

Africa

Back 3

Before 1600 about 2,000 slaves were captured and taken from here each year

Front 4

American settlement

Back 4

became the major reason for the growth in the slave trade

Front 5

25%

Back 5

Percent of slaves that died before reaching the new world

Front 6

Africa

Back 6

Several states maintained their independence during most of the 19th century

Front 7

Britain

Back 7

This Navy had a large part in ending slave trade

Front 8

Raw materials

Back 8

The African economy changed from selling slaves to providing _________ as needed by industrial countries

Front 9

Palm Oil

Back 9

Remained the leading export because industrial nations used it to lubricate their machines

Front 10

Warfare and raids

Back 10

____________ and __________ declined significantly when the British navy ended the slave trade around 1850

Front 11

Gathering based economy

Back 11

allowed more Africans access to the wealth that poured into Africa

Front 12

Peaceful

Back 12

_________conditions allowed the Africans to settle rather than continue to migrate

Front 13

19th century

Back 13

During what century did the commercial routes merge and unify?

Front 14

Islamic

Back 14

Some African states grew because of __________ conquest

Front 15

Islamic conquest

Back 15

The sokoto (in modern Nigeria) and Tukalor (in modern Mali) empires are examples of ___________

Front 16

Industry

Back 16

African states began to modernize by setting up factories

Front 17

Military

Back 17

Some African states in North and West Africa including Moproeo, Tunisia, and Ethiopia began to modernize their armies in anticipation of possible threats from European nations

Front 18

Menelik of Ethiopia

Back 18

Replaced his poorly trained volunteer army with well-equipped and well-trained soldiers

Front 19

Samori Ture

Back 19

West African general who developed a modern army with current weapons to defend the Wassoulu Empire

Front 20

Fante Confederation

Back 20

formed in Ghana in 1868 this African organization led by African pastors and teachers; provides an excellent example of Africans working to maintain self rule and improve the lives of their people

Front 21

Cash crops

Back 21

Provided a growing income for many Africans

Front 22

Increased trade and economic opportunity

Back 22

spread into the heart of the AFrican continent

Front 23

Sir Richard Burton

Back 23

searched for the answer to the mystery that began in Egypt; the elusive source of the Nile

Front 24

David Livingston

Back 24

was the most famous European explorer in Africa during the 19th century

Front 25

David Livingston

Back 25

followed the Zambeez River and discovered the falls that the Europeans named Mos-ou-tama Falls. He also traveled the Lake to Tanganyika where Henry Stanley, a welsh reporter found him

Front 26

Henry Stanley

Back 26

A welsh reported found David Livingston at Lake Tanganyika

Front 27

Robert Moffat

Back 27

One of the earliest missionaries from the British empire to serve in Africa; in 1817 he landed in South Africa and began a ministry that spanned 53 years

Front 28

Missionary societies

Back 28

formed with the specific goal of recruiting missionaries for Africa

Front 29

Samuel Ajayi Crowther

Back 29

Became the 1st African preacher in the Baptist church. He also translated the Bible into the Yorba language

Front 30

Portugal

Back 30

One of the first European states to explore the coast of Africa and establish trade settlements

Front 31

Britain

Back 31

Expanded its exploration following the loss of the American colonies in the 18th century

Front 32

Slaves

Back 32

Early British trade with Africa primarily involved ___________.

Front 33

Industrial Revolution

Back 33

provided a growing demand for African raw materials

Front 34

France

Back 34

the 2nd French Colonial Empire began in 1830 with the invasion of Alergia in North Africa

Front 35

Joseph Jenkins Roberts

Back 35

president of Liberia; used diplomacy and the aid of the US to preserve Liberian independence

Front 36

Menelik

Back 36

King of Ethiopia; used well-trained army to defeat the Italian forces; he refused to submit to Italian demands

Front 37

Formation of New African States

Back 37

boundaries were drawn by Europeans with little regard for the actual location of tribes; no African input

Front 38

Colonies subject to European control

Back 38

Between 1880 and 1910 Africa went from a continent filled with many independent sovereign states to 40 artificially created__________

Front 39

Trans-Sahara railway

Back 39

The French sent 3 groups to determine routes for a __________

Front 40

Commander

Back 40

The french appointed a ___________ in North Africa to expand French interests farther inland

Front 41

King Leopold of Belgium

Back 41

________ and the French sent diplomats to secure treaties with the African tribes in the Congo basin

Front 42

Congo basin

Back 42

King Leopold of Belgium and the French sent diplomats to secure treaties with the African tribes in the _______

Front 43

Britain

Back 43

Continued expansion by the French and King Leopold resulted in claims by ________ and other European states

Front 44

European

Back 44

Soon, almost all of Africa came under _______ domination

Front 45

Industrial Revolution and free trade

Back 45

What 2 things caused international trade to grow rapidly?

Front 46

free trade

Back 46

Nations reacted to the increased competition by abandoning __________

Front 47

tarrifs

Back 47

To protect their markets from lower priced foreign goods, they raised their ______

Front 48

raw materials

Back 48

The increasing need for _____ also made control of resources in Africa appealing to the European states

Front 49

direct control

Back 49

European powers decided that Europeans could better manage Africa's resources and increase their profits by taking ____________

Front 50

Colonization

Back 50

__________ of regions in Africa provided an excellent opportunity for newly unified states to compete with the established European powers

Front 51

France

Back 51

AFter being defeated by Germany in 1870, ______ was desperate for a victory. Their pride was at stake

Front 52

Colonialism

Back 52

Some people viewed this as a way to open Africa for expanded evangelistic outreach

Front 53

Missionaries

Back 53

By the end of the 19th century, almost 6,000 of these traveled to foreign lands under British control

Front 54

That Europeans were superior to the African race

Back 54

Many Europeans used this lie to justify colonialism and imperialism

Front 55

Darwin's Theory of Evolution

Back 55

Became more popular and offered support for the idea that some people groups were more superior than others

Front 56

John Africanus Horton

Back 56

disproved the claims that the black man was racially inferior; his work West African Countries and Peoples; A Vindication of the African Race argued that different stages of civilization had nothing to do with race

Front 57

Liberia and Ethiopia

Back 57

By the end of the 3rd phase to control Africa, all but these 2 African states had lost their independence and had become the possession of European powers

Front 58

Phase One

Back 58

The phase when Europeans convinced African rulers to sign treaties with a particular European state

Front 59

King Macemba

Back 59

This African king of the Yao tribe wrote to the German authorities who pressured him to submit to a treaty; his letter to the Germans basically rejected colonization

Front 60

Phase Two

Back 60

During this phase, treaties among European nations - Imperial poweres signed treaties that defined their regions of interest and agreed on boundaries to avoid conflict

Front 61

Berlin Conference

Back 61

met in Berlin, Germany in 1885 to divide Africa

Front 62

Phase Three

Back 62

Began with the arrival of ships and troops off the coast of African states; the Africans had three broad responses to these unexpected invasions: submission, alliance, and confrontation

Front 63

Diplomacy

Back 63

became the more restrained form of confrontation; African leaders negotiated with the Europeans to try to maintain as much control of their land as possible

Front 64

Armed resistance

Back 64

Muslim rulers were determined not to submit to rule by the infedel Europeans; they offered stiff resistance and died in large numbers

Front 65

Flintlock

Back 65

most advanced African forces still used these weapons

Front 66

Maxim gun

Back 66

Europeans returned fire with rapid-firing guns such as _______

Front 67

Samori Ture

Back 67

established a Muslim empire in West Africa. When the French attempted to take control of his land, he resisted and defeated them in many battles