History Of Mass Media Final

Front 1

Boston News Letter, 1704

Back 1

1st Newspaper Advertisement

Front 2

Volney Palmer

Back 2

1st person to represent publishers

Front 3

Modern Ad. Agency

Back 3

Represented difference interests

Front 4

Ayer Ad Agency

Back 4

1st registered trademark was Quaker Oats

Front 5

Food and Drug Act of 1906

Back 5

Regulated and labeled all content including meds, food and drinks

Front 6

Muckrakers

Back 6

Journalists that dished up corporations that weren't honest

Front 7

Federal Trade Commission (FTC)

Back 7

Oversee business' practices including advertising

Front 8

Corporate sponsorship

Back 8

Give a lot of $ to an organization and in turn get something named after the company. i.e. Pomoco Stadium

Front 9

Today's Types of Advertisements

Back 9

Industrial: sells the product, very direct and obvious
Institutional: good will advertising, promote awareness of self or good deeds (corporate sponsorships)

Front 10

Watchdogs

Back 10

Advertising controllers
1. FTC: Proof of claim; cease & decist, corrective ad and restitution
2. Media Codes: National Association of Broadcasters (NAB) "Code of Ethics"
3. Professional Codes: (within professions) doctors, lawyers, vets, dentists
4. National Advertising Reveiw Board (NARB): Watch and clean up own health
5. Public Opinion

Front 11

Absolute Threshold

Back 11

minimum stimulation necessary to detect a particular stimulus

Front 12

Subliminal messages

Back 12

below threshold, percieved at a deeper level; not necessarily aware.

Front 13

3 levels of consciousness

Back 13

1. Conscious rational: you know what's going on and you're able to tell why
2. Preconscious and Subconscious: feelings, known in a vague way; level of fears, emotions and assumptions
3. Unaware: You don't know but the brain somehow picks it up; suppress or don't know

Ads use 2nd and 3rd levels
Average time is 1 second per ad

Front 14

Needs of advertising

Back 14

Immorality/Death
Love/Sex
Sense of Power
Emotional Security
Ego gratification
Reassurance of worth
Sense of roots

Front 15

Public Relations (PR)

Back 15

Try to secure favorite media publicity to promote business/client (purchased or for free)

Front 16

Advertising (PR)

Back 16

controls publicity, purchased by businesse/client

Front 17

P.T. Barnum

Back 17

1st in Public Relations

Front 18

Buffalo Bill Cody

Back 18

His Wild Wild West show publicized to east that wasn't used to seeing this

Front 19

Ivy Ledbetter Lee ("Poison Ivy")

Back 19

Founded 1st modern PR firm
Worked for Rockefeller who wanted a better image

Front 20

Edward Bernay's Psychological Perspective

Back 20

Father of PR
How to meet people on other levels
"Engineering of Consent"- to make people want something
Public opinion not always rational

Front 21

Easter Parade

Back 21

Women smoking cigarettes to promote women smoking in public
"Torches of Freedom" campaign, ok for women to smoke in public

Front 22

Daniel Borstin "The Image" book

Back 22

Psedo Event: Circumstance created with the purpose of gaining media coverage. i.e. presidential press conference, balloon boy

Front 23

PR Specialties

Back 23

Financial, Product, and Crisis (i.e. Tylonol or the Exxon Valdez Crises)

Front 24

Electronic Numerical Integrator & Computer (ENIAC)

Back 24

-Engine to help military with ballistics
-Women engineer programmers
-Project PX

Front 25

Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA)

Back 25

-Distributed network
-Goes directly to wherever you want

Front 26

Tomlinson

Back 26

-Computer Engineer
-Developed transmission with speed (of light)
-@ email

Front 27

Berners Lee

Back 27

-Swiss physicist
-developed the protocol for computers to speak to one another in the same language
-http://; html; www

Front 28

National Center for Supercenter Applications (NCSA)

Back 28

-Mosaic, 1st browser
-Servers, networks that link computers to each other and to other networks

Front 29

Ying & Filo

Back 29

-Yahoo!
-organized websites into categories
-20,000 sites at this time

Front 30

Page & Brin

Back 30

-Google
-robust search engine
-arithmetic algorithm

Front 31

Digital Millenium Copyright Act (1998)

Back 31

Unable to put copyrighted material on the internet for sale

Front 32

Bill of Rights 1791

Back 32

1st Amendment, Freedom of Speech

Front 33

Alien and Sedition Laws (1798)

Back 33

-Encourage people to do something against the gov't
-Repealed by Jefferson in 1801

Front 34

Espionage Act of 1917 (WWI)

Back 34

-Tried to curtail any information that was seditious or helping the enemy
-i.e. Eugene Debs

Front 35

Eugene Debs

Back 35

Socialist party member, 1st to be convicted against the Espionage Act of 1917

Front 36

Office of Censorship

Back 36

***December 19th, 1941***
-Code of Wartime Practices: Voluntary by people not to give away information about the war.

Front 37

Libel

Back 37

seditious Print; can be spoken if spoken by the media

Front 38

Libel Charges that must show

Back 38

-Communication to a 3rd party
-Identify person
-Injury to reputation
-Organization at fault

Front 39

Libel Defenses

Back 39

-Truth
-Qualified Privilege
-Fair Comment

Front 40

Senator Joseph McCarthy

Back 40

Went after famous communists
-Red Channels: Listed people in the industry that were communists

Front 41

Prior Restraint

Back 41

When the gov't tries to censor info going out to the public

Front 42

Shield Laws

Back 42

-Protecs journalists and the press
-Gives them the right not to announce their source