Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
569 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
1521 |
Magellan coming to the Philippine shores |
|
|
1521 |
a "discover" to the Occidental peoples |
|
|
1445 |
Dennis Fernandez discovered Cape Verde Islands |
|
|
1487 |
Bartolome Diaz discovered Cape of Good Hope |
|
|
1498 |
Vasco de Gama reached Calicut, India |
|
|
October 12, 1942 |
Columbus discovered America for Spain |
|
|
1499-1503 |
Amerigo Vespucci explored New World for Spain |
|
|
September 25, 1513 |
Balboa discovered the Pacific Ocean |
|
|
1480 |
When Magellan was born |
|
|
1513 |
Magellan returned to Lisbon with Enrique, the Malay slave |
|
|
August 10, 1519 |
Magellan and his men sailed from Seville, drifting down Quadalquivir River to the port of San Lucar de Barrameda |
|
|
September 20, 1519 |
Magellan hoisted sails and the historic voyage began |
|
|
September 26, 1519 |
Magellan reached Canaries |
|
|
November 29, 1519 |
Magellan landed on South American coast |
|
|
December 13, 1519 |
Magellan reached Rio de Janeiro |
|
|
March 31, 1520 |
Magellan anchored to Port San Julian |
|
|
Palm Sunday, April 1, 1520 |
a mutiny broke out |
|
|
October 21, 1520 |
Magellan discovered the Strait of Magellan |
|
|
November 20, 1520 |
San Antonio deserted and returned to Spain |
|
|
March 6, 1521 |
Magellan reached Guam |
|
|
March 16, 1521 |
Magellan saw above the horizon the towering heights of Samar |
|
|
March 16, 1521 |
The rediscovery of the Philippines |
|
|
March 18, 1521 |
Nine friendly Filipinos from the island of Suluan arrived in a boat and gave food and wine to Magellan |
|
|
March 25, 1521 |
Magellan left Homonhom |
|
|
Holy Thursday, March 28, 1521 |
The fleet landed on Masao, Butuan, Agusan del Norte |
|
|
Good Friday, March 29, 1521 |
Raha Kolambu and Magellan's blood compact |
|
|
Easter Sunday, March 31, 1521 |
a Mass was held on Masao's shore |
|
|
March 31, 1521 |
First Catholic Mass held in the Philippines |
|
|
April 7, 1521 |
Magellan landed in Cebu |
|
|
April 7, 1521 |
Magellan made a blood compact woth Raha Humabon |
|
|
April 14, 1521 |
a mass was held on the shore of Cebu |
|
|
April 27, 1521 |
Magellan invaded Mactan |
|
|
May 1, 1521 |
Duarte Barbosa and Juan Serrano and twenty-seven other Spaniards were massacred by the Cebuanos |
|
|
November 8, 1521 |
The Spanish survivors landed on Tidore, Moluccas |
|
|
September 6, 1522 |
Victoria finally reached San Lucar, Spain with only 18 survivors |
|
|
1493 |
Pope Alexander VI issued four papal bulls, one which divided the world between Spain and Portugal |
|
|
1529 |
Spain and Portugal argued over ownership of the Moluccas (Spice Islands) |
|
|
April 22, 1529 |
Treaty of Zaragoza |
|
|
1607 |
Dutch took over Spice Islands |
|
|
1525 |
Loaisa Expedition sailed |
|
|
1526 |
Cabot Expedition sailed |
|
|
1527 |
Saavedra Expedition sailed |
|
|
1542 |
Villalobos Expedition sailed |
|
|
1564 |
Legazpi Expedition sailed |
|
|
September 24, 1559 |
Philip II wrote to Mexican Viceroy Velasco ordering him to prepare an expedition for the conquest and colonization of the Philippines |
|
|
February 13, 1565 |
Legazpi anchored near the island of Cebu |
|
|
November 21, 1564 |
Legazpi left Natividad, Mexico |
|
|
February 22, 1565 |
Legazpi and Urrao made a blood compact |
|
|
March 9, 1565 |
Legazpi landed in Limasawa |
|
|
March 16, 1565 |
Legazpi and Katuna made blood compact at the present site of barrio Bo-ol, Baclagon |
|
|
April 27, 1565 |
Legazpi landed on Cebu |
|
|
1565 |
when was Cebu founded |
|
|
June 4, 1565 |
Legazpi and Tupas concluded a treaty |
|
|
March 21, 1568 |
King Tupas accepted baptism at the hands of Father Diego de Herrera, with Legazpi as godfather |
|
|
1569 |
Legazpi moved to Panay |
|
|
1569 |
Captain Luiz Enriquez de Guzman, accompanied by Fr. Alonzo Jimenez, explored and pacified Masbate, Ticao, and Burias |
|
|
May 24, 1570 |
Goiti and his men captured Maynilad after a hard fight |
|
|
May 1521 |
Legazpi reached Manila Bay |
|
|
May 19, 1571 |
Legazpi took possesion on Manila in the name of his monarch, King Philip II of Spain |
|
|
June 3, 1571 |
Bambalito's flotilla of war boats sailed down the Channel of Bankusay |
|
|
June 24, 1571 |
foundation day of Manila |
|
|
June 24 |
Feast day of St. John the Baptist |
|
|
March 20, 1596 |
coat-of-arms of Manila |
|
|
August 20, 1572 |
Miguel Lopez de Legazpi died of a heart attack in Manila |
|
|
1564-1821 |
Philippines was part of the Viceroyalty of Mexico |
|
|
1593 |
when Manila-Acalpulco trade was restricted |
|
|
1605 |
when Mexico sent subsidy to the Philippines |
|
|
1578 |
the Inquisition of Mexico extended its power to the Philippines |
|
|
September 25, 1813 |
King Ferdinand VII abolished the government monopoly of the galleon trade |
|
|
1821 |
Mexico won its independence |
|
|
December 30, 1859 |
date of the letter that Pedro Escura sent to President Benito Juarez of the Mexican republic requesting payment for his late father's silver cargo seized by General Iturbide in 1821 |
|
|
16th Century |
Spain's siglo de oro (golden years) |
|
|
1619 |
the question of abandoning Philippines was revived by the court advisers |
|
|
June 15, 1584 |
first session of Royal Audencia in Manila |
|
|
19th century |
when Philippine encomienda system ended |
|
|
1884 |
When tribute was abolished |
|
|
1884 |
Polo was reduced to 15 days |
|
|
1565 |
when did the Augustinians came in the Philippines |
|
|
1577 |
when did the Franciscans came in the Philippines |
|
|
1581 |
when did the Jesuits came in the Philippines |
|
|
1587 |
when did the Dominicans came in the Philippines |
|
|
1606 |
when did the Recollects came in the Philippines |
|
|
1895 |
when did the Benedictines came in the Philippines |
|
|
March 20, 1784 |
when Governor General Basco issued a decree providing that the lands, carabaos, and farm implements of the farmers could not be seized by creditors, and that they could not be arrested or jailed during the time of planting or harvesting of crops |
|
|
April 26, 1781 |
Economic Society of Friends of the Country was inaugurated in Manila |
|
|
1784 |
The Economic Society made the first shipment of indigo to Europe |
|
|
1824 |
The Society imported martines (birds) from China to fight the locusts that were destroying Philippine crops |
|
|
1825 |
The Society granted free scholarships to eight Filipinos to study the art of dyeing in Manila |
|
|
1829 |
The Society imported machine for hulling rice from Cadiz, Spain |
|
|
1837 |
The Society awarded a prize of P1000 to Dr. Paul de la Gironiere for raising good coffee in his plantation in Jala-Jala |
|
|
1853 |
The Society gave prize of P2000 and a gold medal to Candido Lopez Diaz for inventing a machine for cleaning hemp fibers |
|
|
1861 |
The Society founded the first agricultural school in Manila |
|
|
March 1, 1782 |
a government monopoly of tobacco was established by Basco |
|
|
1807 |
Basi Revolt |
|
|
March 1, 1766 |
when did Buen Consejo left Cadiz |
|
|
August 15, 1767 |
when did Buen Consejo landed in Manila |
|
|
July 1, 1788 |
Feliz Berenguer de Marquina arrived in Manila |
|
|
January 23, 1790 |
Felix Berenguer de Marquina submitted to the Spanish Crown a document titled " Plan of Reforms for the Government of the Philippines" |
|
|
July 30, 1789 |
Two Spanish corvettes, the Atrevida and the Descubieta, left Cadiz, Spain |
|
|
1835 |
when the first Filipino bank was established |
|
|
1835 |
Rodriguez Bank was established |
|
|
May 1, 1852 |
Banco Español-Filipino issued its first bank note |
|
|
August 9, 1882 |
Monte de Piedad and Savings Bank was opened to the public in Manila |
|
|
1873 |
Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China was opened in Manila |
|
|
1876 |
Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank Corporation was opened in Manila |
|
|
1848 |
The first steamships arrived in Manila Bay |
|
|
1893 |
first tramcar service was opened to the public |
|
|
1854 |
Monthly mail service between Manila and Hong Kong |
|
|
February 1, 1854 |
The First Philippine stamp was issued |
|
|
1873 |
Steamship line between Manila and Spain |
|
|
1873 |
First telegraph line was opened |
|
|
1880 |
laid the first cable which linked the Philippines to the outside world |
|
|
1890 |
First telephone appeared in Manila |
|
|
August 16, 1844 |
Governor General Narciso Claveria issued an order proclaiming Tuesday, December 31, 1844, to be Wednesday, January 1, 1845 |
|
|
November 21, 1849 |
Governor General Claveria gave Spanish surnames to Filipino families |
|
|
1589 |
College of San Ignacio was founded in Manila |
|
|
1595 |
College of San Ildefonso was founded in Cebu |
|
|
1601 |
College of San Jose was founded in Manila |
|
|
1859 |
Ateneo de Manila was founded |
|
|
1611 |
College of Rosary (University of Santo Tomas) was founded in Manila |
|
|
1630 |
College of San Juan de Letran was founded in Manila |
|
|
1621 |
when University of San Ignacio was elevated to a university |
|
|
1783 |
College of San Ildefonso re-opened as Colegio-Seminario de San Carlos |
|
|
1645 |
University of Santo Tomas was raised to it's rank on |
|
|
1594 |
College of Santa Potenciana was founded |
|
|
1632 |
College of Santa Isabel was founded |
|
|
1694 |
Beaterio de la Compañia de Jesus was founded |
|
|
1750 |
College of Santa Rosa was founded |
|
|
1869 |
College of La Concordia was founded |
|
|
1892 |
Assumption Convent School was founded |
|
|
1820 |
Nautical Academy was founded |
|
|
1840 |
School of Commerce was founded |
|
|
1849 |
Academy of Fine Arts was founded |
|
|
1889 |
School of Agriculture was founded |
|
|
1890 |
School of Arts and Trades was founded |
|
|
March 16, 1861 |
a private school of arts and trades was founded by Filipinos (Pampanga School of Arts and Trades) |
|
|
August 8, 1811 |
Del Superior Govierno appeared for the first time in Manila |
|
|
July 4, 1813 |
Del Superior Govierno's last issue came out |
|
|
1704 |
First tagalog pasion by Gaspar Aquino de Belen was published |
|
|
1637 |
When the first moro-moro was staged in Manila |
|
|
1598 |
First recorded drama was staged on Cebu in |
|
|
1742 |
Colegio de Niños Triples was established in the Manila Cathedral |
|
|
1865 |
Observatory of Manila was founded |
|
|
1588 |
Hospital de San Gabriel was founded |
|
|
1612 |
Hospital Real was founded |
|
|
1602 |
Hospital de Agua Santa in Los Baños was founded |
|
|
1641 |
Hospital de San Jose in Cavite was founded |
|
|
1814 |
Leper Hospital in Laog was founded |
|
|
1850 |
Leper Hospital in Cebu was founded |
|
|
1885 |
Assylum of St. Vincent de Paul was founded in Manila |
|
|
1882 |
Assylum for Girls was founded in Mandaluyong |
|
|
1883 |
Assylum for Boys was founded in Malabon |
|
|
December 16 |
Missa de Gallo |
|
|
1868 |
Manila Jockey Club was founded |
|
|
Portugal and Spain |
outstripped other European nations in geographical discoveries |
|
|
Prince Henry the Navigator |
inspired the Portuguese sea captains to discover new lands |
|
|
Antonio Gonzalvez |
rounded Cape Blanco, Africa |
|
|
Antonio Gonzalvez |
brought the first Negro slaves to Europe |
|
|
Dennis Fernandez |
discovered Cape Verde Islands |
|
|
Bartolome Diaz |
discovered Cape of Good Hope |
|
|
Vasco de Gama |
reached Calicut, India in 1498 |
|
|
Vasco de Gama |
opened the eastern route to the Orient |
|
|
Spain |
won maritime laurels |
|
|
Columbus |
his voyage lifted Spain to a new height of glory |
|
|
Amerigo Vespucci |
after whom America was named |
|
|
Amerigo Vespucci |
explored the New World for Spain |
|
|
Balboa |
discovered the Pacific Ocean calling it “South Sea” |
|
|
South Sea |
what Balboa call the Pacific Ocean |
|
|
Ponte de Barca, Province of Minho, Portugal |
where was Magellan born? |
|
|
Ruy Magellan , Alda de Mosquita |
Magellan’s parents |
|
|
Lisbon |
where Magellan received his education |
|
|
Queen Leonora |
Magellan served as page to which queen? |
|
|
23 years old |
how old was Magellan when he joined the Portuguese expedition to the East lead by Francisco da Almeida |
|
|
Francisco da Almeida |
lead the Portuguese expedition to the East in 1505 |
|
|
Francisco da Almeida |
First Portuguese viceroy of India |
|
|
Ferdinand Magellan |
he joined the Portuguese expedition to the East lead by Francisco da Almeida |
|
|
Battle of Malacca (1511) |
Magellan saved the life of his cousin and close friend, Francisco Serrano |
|
|
Francisco Serrano |
he was shipwrecked on an inhabited island and took refuge in Mindanao in 1512 |
|
|
Francisco Serrano |
the first European discoverer of the Philippines |
|
|
Francisco Serrano |
encouraged Magellan to secure a trade route to the Spice Islands |
|
|
Enrique |
a Malay slave who accompanies Magellan |
|
|
Malacca |
where Magellan acquired Enrique |
|
|
Moors of Africa |
Magellan took part in the Portuguese campaign against __________ |
|
|
King Manuel |
proved to be ingratiate |
|
|
King Manuel |
not only did he refuse to increase Magellan’s pension but also ignored his proposed plan to blaze a westward route to the Spice Islands |
|
|
Moluccas |
Spice Islands |
|
|
Ruy de Faleiro |
believed in Magellan’s idea that a westward route to Moluccas could be discovered |
|
|
Ruy de Faleiro |
an eccentric violent-tempered man, but a learned astronomer |
|
|
Ruy de Faleiro |
having fallen from royal favor, he became a bitter man |
|
|
Seville |
where Magellan met Diego Barbosa |
|
|
Diego Barbosa |
an old friend of Magellan’s father |
|
|
Duarte |
Diego Barbosa’s son and experienced navigator |
|
|
Beatriz |
Barbosa’s daughter and Magellan’s wife |
|
|
King Charles I |
Spanish king who approved Magellan’s bold ventures |
|
|
San Lucar de Barrameda |
here Magellan tarried to wait for favorable winds |
|
|
Southwestward |
direction where Magellan sailed |
|
|
Canaries |
Magellan reached this on September 26 |
|
|
South American Coast |
where Magellan landed on November 29, 1519 |
|
|
Pernambuco, Brazil |
South American coast |
|
|
Rio de Janeiro |
Magellan reached in December 13, 1519 |
|
|
Rio de Janeiro |
Magellan named it as “Santa Lucia” because he landed there of Santa Lucia’s Day |
|
|
Santa Lucia |
Magellan named Rio de Janeiro as __________ |
|
|
Santa Lucia’s Day |
when did Magellan landed in Rio de Janeiro (event) |
|
|
Rio de la Plata |
Magellan explored _______________ vainly searching for the gateway to the Pacific |
|
|
Port San Julian |
Magellan anchored here on March 31, 1520 |
|
|
Quesada |
captain of Conception |
|
|
Mendoza |
captain of Victoria |
|
|
Cartagena |
captain of San Antonio |
|
|
Juan Sebastian de Elcano |
joined the mutiny |
|
|
Quesada, Mendoza, Cartagena |
ring leaders of the mutiny |
|
|
Quesada |
was executed |
|
|
Cartagena and Father Sanchez de la Reyna |
were marooned to the coast |
|
|
Juan Sebastian de Elcano |
was pardoned |
|
|
Santiago |
was wrecked by a violet squall |
|
|
Strait of All Saints |
Magellan called the Strait of Magellan as _______ |
|
|
Esteban Gomez |
piloted the San Antonio |
|
|
San Antonio |
deserted on the night of November 20, 1520 and returned to Spain |
|
|
3 |
how many ships were left on November 28, 1520 |
|
|
Unfortunate Islands |
two barren and uninhabited islets |
|
|
Guam |
Magellan reached on March 6, 1521 |
|
|
Chamorres |
natives of Guam |
|
|
Chamorres |
supplied Magellan’s men with fresh water and provisions |
|
|
Island of Sails |
Magellan named Guam _______ because of the numerous sailboats along the coast |
|
|
Ladrones Islands |
Magellan named Guam _______ because the natives stole a boat from his flagship |
|
|
Islet of Homonhon |
small uninhabited islet where Magellan landed |
|
|
Islet of Homonhon |
located at the mouth of Leyte Gulf |
|
|
Butuan Bay |
provided a shelter from the typhoon |
|
|
Masao, Butuan, Agusan del Norte |
where the fleet landed on Holy Thursday, March 28, 1521 |
|
|
Masao, Butuan, Agusan del Norte |
a fertile, heavy forested, and mountainous kingdom ruled by a rich king named Raha Kolambu |
|
|
Raha Kolambu |
king of Masao, Butuan, Agusan del Norte |
|
|
Raha Siagu |
king of Butuan |
|
|
Rev. Pedro de Valderrama |
officiated the first Catholic Mass held in the Philippines |
|
|
Archipelago of St. Lazarus |
name given by Magellan to the Philippines/Cebu |
|
|
Pigafetta |
an eyewitness to the event, said: “After the cross was erected in position, each of us repeated a Pater Noster and an Ave Maria, and adored the cross; and the kings did the same” |
|
|
Cebu |
a flourishing kingdom under Raha Humabon |
|
|
Raha Humabon |
King of Cebu |
|
|
Cebu |
an entrepot of Oriental trade |
|
|
Image of the Santo Niño |
Magellan’s gift to Queen Juana |
|
|
Queen Juana |
wife of Raha Humabon |
|
|
Queen Juana |
she was renamed after her baptism for the mother of King Charles I of Spain |
|
|
Queen Juana |
Magellan gifted an image of the Santo Niño |
|
|
Magellan |
his expedition claimed to have made convers of the Filipinos in the area |
|
|
Lapu-Lapu |
king of Mactan |
|
|
Lapu-Lapu |
Filipino leader who defied the white men and was fearless |
|
|
Lapu-Lapu |
became the first Filipino fighter for freedom |
|
|
Tidore |
an island in Moluccas |
|
|
Trinidad and Victoria |
ships left on November 8,1521 |
|
|
Victoria |
under Elcano’s command would sail back to Spain via Cape of Good Hope |
|
|
Trinidad |
led by Gomez de Espinosa would cross Pacific to Panama |
|
|
Victoria |
crossed the Indian Ocean , rounded the Cape of Good Hope and finally reached San Lucar, Spain on September 6, 1522 with only 18 survivors |
|
|
2 years, 11 months, and 16 days |
how long did it take for Victoria to finally reach San Lucar, Spain |
|
|
Sebastian de Elcano |
reaped the glory and rewards of the journey |
|
|
Loaisa, Cabot, Saavedra, Villalobos, Legazpi |
five other expeditions sent to the East to explore, conquer, and colonize the Philippines |
|
|
Pope Alexander VI |
issued four papal bulls , one of which divided the world between Spain and Portugal. |
|
|
Treaty of Tordesillas |
agreement of Portugal and Spain shifting the demarcation line by the pope |
|
|
Treaty of Zaragoza |
the Spanish king sold his rights to the Moluccas to the Portuguese king |
|
|
Loaisa Expedition |
failed to reach the Philippines because of death of captain and co-captain Sebastian de Elcano, Andres de Urdaneta survived |
|
|
Garcia Jofre de Loaisa |
captain of Loaisa Expedition |
|
|
Garcia Jofre de Loaisa |
Spanish don |
|
|
7 ships and 450 men |
contingent of Loaisa Expedition |
|
|
Andres de Urdaneta |
navigator of Legazpi |
|
|
Cabot Expedition |
failure to find the strait of Magellan |
|
|
4 ships and 250 men |
contingent of Cabot Expedition |
|
|
Sebastian Cabot |
captain of Cabot Expedition |
|
|
Sebastian Cabot |
son of Venetian explorer John Cabot |
|
|
Saavedra Expedition |
first from the viceroyalty of Mexico |
|
|
Saavedra Expedition |
reached Mindanao but failed to colonize (1527) |
|
|
Saavedra Expedition |
rescued survivors of the Loaisa expedition at Tidore, Moluccas |
|
|
3 ships and 110 men |
contingent of Saavedra Expedition |
|
|
Alvaro Saavedra |
captain of Saavedra Expedition |
|
|
Alvaro Saavedra |
cousin of Hernando Cortes of Mexico |
|
|
Villalobos Expedition |
reached Mindanao but failed to colonize (1542) |
|
|
Ruy Lopez de Villalobos |
named Mindanao “Cesarea Caroli” in honor of King Charles I of Spain |
|
|
Cesarea Caroli |
name Villalobos gave to Mindanao |
|
|
Ruy Lopez de Villalobos |
named the Philippines “Islas Filipinas” in honor of Crown Prince Philip (later King Philip II) |
|
|
Ruy Lopez de Villalobos |
died in the Moluccas, comforted by St. Francis Xavier |
|
|
Islas Filipinas |
name Villalobos gave to the Philippines |
|
|
St. Francis Xavier |
Apostle of the Indies |
|
|
Ruy Lopez de Villalobos |
captain of the Villalobos Expedition |
|
|
Ruy Lopez de Villalobos |
brother-in-law of Viceroy Cortes |
|
|
6 ships and 200 men |
contingent of Villalobos Expedition |
|
|
Legazpi Expedition |
successful colonization |
|
|
4 ships and 380 men |
contingent of Legazpi Expedition |
|
|
Miguel Lopez de Legazpi |
captain of the Legazpi Expedition |
|
|
Miguel Lopez de Legazpi |
soldier, lawyer, and administrator |
|
|
King Charles I |
abdicated the Spanish throne so that his son became king of Spain as Philip II |
|
|
Miguel Lopez de Legazpi |
Spanish-born soldier and lawyer and former secretary of the government of Mexico City |
|
|
Father Urdaneta |
chief pilot of Legazpi |
|
|
Guido de Lavezaris |
survivor of the Villalobos expedition |
|
|
Melchor de Lagazpi |
fleet accountant and Legazpi’s son |
|
|
Urrao |
Lwelcomed Legazpi in Samar |
|
|
Bankaw |
received Legazpi in Limasawa |
|
|
Katuna and Gala |
two native kings that Legazpi befriended in Bohol |
|
|
barrio Bo-ol, Baclagon |
where Legazpi and Katuna made blood compact |
|
|
King Tupas of Cebu |
defied the Spaniards |
|
|
Cebu |
first Spanish settlements |
|
|
City of the Most Holy Name of Jesus |
Legazpi named the Spanish settlement in Cebu as _________ |
|
|
Cebu City |
founded by Legazpi in 1565 |
|
|
Cebu City |
oldest Spanish city in the Philippines |
|
|
Cid Hamal |
a Muslim Malay who was in Cebu the time when Legazpi succeeded in winning the friendship of Raha Tupas |
|
|
Jandulaman |
first Cebuano convert |
|
|
Father Diego de Herrera |
baptized Jandulaman under the name of Isabel in honor of Isabel Garces, Legazpi’s deceased wife |
|
|
Isabel |
baptized name of Jandulaman |
|
|
Isabel Garces |
namesake of Jandulaman |
|
|
Isabel Garces |
deceased wife of Legazpi |
|
|
Master Andres |
a Greek member of Legazpi’s expedition |
|
|
Master Andres |
Jandulaman married after her baptism |
|
|
Father Diego de Herrera |
officiated the first Christian marriage and First Filipino-Spanish marriage in the Philippines |
|
|
Father Diego de Herrera |
baptized King Tupas |
|
|
King Tupas |
he was named Felipe in honor of Philip II |
|
|
Pinsuncan |
he was named Carlos, with Captain Felipa de Salcedo as godfather |
|
|
Panay in Capiz Province |
second Spanish settlement in the Philippines |
|
|
Fr. Juan de Alba |
pacified Panay Filipinos and became friendly to Legazpi |
|
|
Datus Macabaog and Madidong |
converted to Christianity by the Augustinian missionaries and became good friends of Legazpi |
|
|
Captain Luis Enriquez de Guzman |
explored and pacified Masbate, Ticao, and Burias |
|
|
Captain Luis Enriquez de Guzman |
went as far as Ibalon (Albay) in Southern Luzon. |
|
|
Captain Luis Enriquez de Guzman |
first white man to see Mount Mayon |
|
|
Juan de Salcedo |
punished the Moro pirates who preyed upon Panay’s villages |
|
|
Juan de Salcedo |
destroyed the Moro forts in Ilin and Lubang and captured Mamburao |
|
|
Conquest to Mindoro |
almost brought the Spaniards to the entrance of Manila Bay |
|
|
Marshal Martin de Goiti |
commanded the Spanish expedition to Manila |
|
|
Salcedo |
explored Pansipit River in Batangas |
|
|
Manila |
a Muslim kingdom |
|
|
Raha Sulayman |
king of Manila |
|
|
Manila |
a civilized outpost of Islam |
|
|
Panday Pira |
a Pampango canon-maker |
|
|
Maynilad |
Muslim kingdom by the shore of Manila Bay |
|
|
May 1571 |
Legazpi reached Manila Bay |
|
|
Lakan Dula |
last king of Tondo |
|
|
Lakan Dula |
realized it was useless to resist powerful Spaniards |
|
|
Lakan Dula |
paddled out to Manila bay and welcomed Legazpi |
|
|
Lakan Dula |
persuaded Raha Sulayman and Raha Matanda to submit peacefully to Legazpi |
|
|
Bambalito |
a valiant Pampango warlord |
|
|
Bambalito |
rallied the warriors of Macabebe, Betis, Hagonoy, Navotas, and other barangays to the Spanish invaders |
|
|
Channel of Bankusay |
where the first battle of Manila Bay was fought |
|
|
Navotas |
where Bambalito established his war camp |
|
|
Spain |
who won the First Battle of Manila Bay |
|
|
feast day of St. John the Baptist |
proclaimed Manila as the capital of Philippines (event) |
|
|
Royal Decree of June 1, 1574 |
King Philip II named Manila the Insigne y Siempre Leal Ciudad (Distinguished and Ever-Loyal City) |
|
|
Miguel Lopez de Legazpi |
the first Spanish governor and adelantado of the Philippines |
|
|
Captain Juan de Salcedo |
greatest military hero of the Spanish conquest |
|
|
Captain Juan de Salcedo |
he subdued the region along Laguna de Bay, discovered the gold mines of Paracale, pacified Ilocandia and Cagayan |
|
|
Captain Juan de Salcedo |
conquered Bicolandia and Catanduanes in 1573 |
|
|
Captain Juan de Salcedo |
given the encomienda of Ilocos and was promoted to the rank of field marshal |
|
|
Lim-Ah-Hong |
tried to invade the Philippines in 1574-75 |
|
|
Captain Juan de Salcedo |
saved the Philippines from Lim-Ah-Hong’s invasion |
|
|
Tomas de Comyn |
“of little avail would have been the valor and constancy with which Legazpi and his worthy companions overcame the natives of the islands…” |
|
|
Martin de Rada |
“they can be converted and adopt our faith easily…” |
|
|
Prof. E.G. Bourne |
“In the light, then, of impartial history and raised above race prejudice and religious prepossessions..” |
|
|
Saavedra, Villalobos, Legazpi Expeditions |
fitted out in Mexico, financed my Mexican funds, and manned by Mexicans |
|
|
Galleon trade between Manila and Acapulco |
linked Mexico and Philippines intimately |
|
|
Mexican viceroy |
governed the country for the king of Spain |
|
|
Inquisition of Mexico |
was represented by a commissary in Manila |
|
|
Bishopric of Manila |
elevated to an archbishopric in 1595 |
|
|
Bishopric of Manila |
a diocese of the Archdiocese of Mexico |
|
|
Archdiocese of Mexico |
Bishopric of Manila was a diocese of the _________ |
|
|
Dr. Antonio de Morga |
wrote Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas |
|
|
Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas |
famous book written by Dr. Antonio de Morga |
|
|
Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas |
published in Mexico City in 1609 |
|
|
Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas |
the best historical work written by a Spaniard on the Philippines during the early Spanish period |
|
|
Dr. Jose Rizal |
annotated and republished Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas in Paris in the year 1890 |
|
|
Heresy |
irreverence towards god |
|
|
Fr. Juan de Grijalva |
author of Cronica de la Orden de N.P.S. Agustin el las Provincias de la Nueva España |
|
|
Juan Grau y Monfalcon |
author of Justificacion de la conservacion y comercio de las Islas Filipinas |
|
|
Tugalismo |
A philological study of Filipino language |
|
|
Fr. Melchor Oyanguren de Santa Ynes |
author of Tugalismo |
|
|
Captain Juan de Salcedo |
first Mexican to win fame in Philippine annals |
|
|
Captain Juan de Salcedo |
fighting grandson of Legazpi |
|
|
Captain Juan de Salcedo |
he neither abused nor exploited the natives in his encomienda |
|
|
Captain Juan de Salcedo |
when he died, he bequeathed his property to the native Ilocanos |
|
|
Captain Felipe de Salcedo |
older brother of Captain Juan de Salcedo |
|
|
Saint Felipe de Jesus |
first Mexican to join the Franciscan Order in Manila |
|
|
Saint Felipe de Jesus |
died as a Christian martyr in Nagasaki, Japan in 1567 |
|
|
Archbishop Manuel Antonio Rojo |
He was the acting Governor General of the Philippines when the English attacked Manila in 1762 |
|
|
Archbishop Manuel Antonio Rojo |
he was a Native of Tula, Mexico, a doctor of laws, and was the founder of Mexico’s Bar Association |
|
|
Fr. Luis de Salinas |
first treasurer of the Manila Cathedral |
|
|
Bishop Domingo de Salazar |
appointed Fr. Luis de Salinas |
|
|
Fr. Agustin de Villegas |
first Mexican-born missionary to preach Christianity in Cebu |
|
|
Juan Alonso de Mexica |
married Juliana de Morga |
|
|
Juliana de Morga |
eldest daughter of Dr. Antonio de Morga |
|
|
San Pedro |
the first galleon to make the roundtrip from Mexico in 1564-1565 |
|
|
San Pedro |
flagship of the Legazpi expedition |
|
|
Father Urdaneta |
discovered the return route from the Philippines to Acapulco |
|
|
Boleta |
lalagyan ng products |
|
|
Galleons |
veritable treasure ships |
|
|
Annual subsidy, Mexican silver pesos, Mexico’s exports |
galleon carried _________, _______, ________ |
|
|
Mexican silver pesos |
representing the purchase price of goods |
|
|
Saltillo cacao |
from Chipas and Tabasco |
|
|
Cochineal |
scarlet dye from Oaxaca |
|
|
Royal subsidy |
a sum on money which the viceroy of Mexico sent annually to Manila to cover up the deficits of the Philippine government |
|
|
72,801 |
smallest subsidy in 1725 |
|
|
1, 200, 000 |
the highest subsidy in 1799 |
|
|
Pedro Balinguit, Felipe Salonga, Pitongatan, Calao, Agustin Manunguit |
five political exiles from Manila who became the first Filipinos to live in Mexico |
|
|
Pedro Balinguit |
chief of Pandacan |
|
|
Felipe Salonga |
chief of Polo |
|
|
Pitongatan |
chief of Tondo (p) |
|
|
Calao |
chief of Tondo (c) |
|
|
Agustin Manunguit |
Chief of Tondo a |
|
|
Pedro Balinguit, Felipe Salonga, Pitongatan, Calao, Agustin Manunguit |
they were exiled to Mexico because of their complicity in the Tondo Conspiracy of 1587-1588 |
|
|
Espiritu Santo |
galleon where 74 Filipino crewmen deserted |
|
|
Tuba |
fermented wine from coconut palms that grow in the hills of Acapulco |
|
|
Captain Sebastian de Pineda |
requested King Philip III to arrest all Filipinos in Mexico and ship them back to Manila |
|
|
Inquisition |
religious court which tried heresy |
|
|
Inquisition |
was established in the Catholic Kingdoms of Europe during the Middle Ages |
|
|
Inquisition |
protect the Church from heretical attacks of Catholics who challenged the teachings of the Catholic Church |
|
|
Inquisition |
established in Mexico City in 1536 |
|
|
Inquisitor |
first head of the Inquisition |
|
|
Msgr. Juan de Zumarraga |
first head/ Inquisitor of the Inquisition of Mexico |
|
|
Msgr. Juan de Zumarraga |
the first Bishop of Mexico |
|
|
Don Miguel Lopez de Legazpi |
first secretary of the Inquisition |
|
|
Don Miguel Lopez de Legazpi |
he served as secretary of the inquisition from 1536-1547 |
|
|
Msgr. Juan de Zumarraga |
authorized Fr. Miguel de Benavides to represent the Inquisition of the Philippines |
|
|
Fr. Miguel de Benavides |
represent the Inquisition of the Philippines |
|
|
Doña Ines Alvarez de Gibraleon |
the first person to be tried by the Inquisition of Mexico |
|
|
Doña Ines Alvarez de Gibraleon |
she was accused of witchery in 1580 and was tried in Mexico City |
|
|
Doña Ines Alvarez de Gibraleon |
wife of Governor General Lavezaris |
|
|
Royal Company of the Philippines |
established by King Charles III in 1785 competed with Manila galleons by bringing Asian goods to Mexico |
|
|
Royal Company of the Philippines |
competed with Manila galleons by bringing Asian goods to Mexico |
|
|
Casualidad, Montares, San Carlos |
three Manila galleons that returned to Manila in 1803 with their cargoes unsold |
|
|
Filipino |
galleon that was able to sell only part of its cargo in Acapulco |
|
|
Galleon San Carlos |
could not land its cargo in Acapulco because the port was being besieged by Mexican patriots under General Jose Maria Morelos |
|
|
General Jose Maria Morelos |
leads the Mexican patriots besieging the Acapulco port |
|
|
General Jose Maria Morelos |
captured Acapulco in August 20,1813 |
|
|
San Blas |
where the galleon San Carlos disposed its cargo at a big loss |
|
|
General Jose Maria Morelos |
he burned the Acapulco port including Fort San Diego on a hill overlooking the harbor |
|
|
King Ferdinand VII |
abolished the government monopoly of the galleon trade |
|
|
Magallanes |
galleon that left Manila in 1811 and returned |
|
|
Magallanes |
the last government owned galleon to participate in the Manila-Acapulco trade |
|
|
Acapulco |
candle bush flower (cassia alata) |
|
|
Mr. Eulogio B. Rodriguez |
former Director of the National Library of the Philippines |
|
|
Our Lady of Peace and Good Voyage of Antipolo, Black Nazarene of Quiapo, Our Lady of Guadalupe |
images of saints that Mexico gave to the Philippines |
|
|
Our Lady of Guadalupe |
patroness of Pagsanjan, Laguna |
|
|
Our Lady of Guadalupe |
destroyed on March 15, 1945 when American planes bombed Pagsanjan, Laguna |
|
|
Msgr. Gregorio Aguilar of the Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe of Mexico city |
donated another life-size image of Our Lady of Guadalupe to the town of Padsanjan |
|
|
Jarabe, Kuratsa, Pandango sa Sambalilo |
Filipino folk dances of Mexican origin |
|
|
Mexico, Pampanga |
named after Mexico by it’s founder Fr. Mateo de Peralta, a Mexican Augustinian missionary |
|
|
Fr. Mateo de Peralta |
founder of Mexico, Pampanga |
|
|
Chinese silk shawls |
known as montas de Manila |
|
|
Museo Nacional de la Historia |
located at Chapultec Castle, Mexico City |
|
|
Museo Nacional de la Historia |
may be seen today the old Chinese porcelain vases, ivory-inlaid table and chairs, silk shawls, and Persian rugs |
|
|
Parian |
located at the plaza of the Cathedral of Mexico City |
|
|
Parian of Mexico City |
the Oriental goods brought by the Manila galleons were sold to the public |
|
|
Zocalo |
Parian is now the main city square called |
|
|
Mangas de Manila |
big sweet mangoes |
|
|
Lakatan |
large and delicious bananas |
|
|
Rakatan |
what Mexicans call the lakatan |
|
|
Ylang-ylang (Filipino) or ilang-ilang de Manila (Mexicans) |
fragrant flower |
|
|
General Agustin de Iturbide |
commander of the revolutionary forces, faced a desperate situation for lack of funds |
|
|
General Agustin de Iturbide |
he confiscated the chests of 5, 000, 000 Mexican silver pesos which were being carried by burro train from Mexico City to San Blas to be loaded on a Manila-bound galleon |
|
|
Doña Ana Marquesa de las Salinas |
owns part of the silver cargo that General Agustin de Iturbide confiscated |
|
|
Dr. Paul de la Gironiere |
French physician in Manila |
|
|
Don Antonio de Escura |
owns part of the silver pesos that General Agustin de Iturbide confiscated for the second time |
|
|
Pedro de Escura |
son of the deceased Antonio Escura |
|
|
Pedro de Escura |
went to Mexico to seek reparations for his father’s loses |
|
|
Spain |
the first European country to rise as a great colonizing power in modern times |
|
|
King Philip II |
was the first monarch to justly boast that the sun never set on his realm |
|
|
Leyes de Indias |
the first code of colonial laws |
|
|
Leyes de Indias |
one of the most humane and one of the most comprehensive codes published for any colonial empire |
|
|
God, Gold, Glory |
Spain’s aims in colonizing overseas lands |
|
|
God |
the first and chief aim of Spain’s colonization |
|
|
Dr. Wilhelm Roscher |
affirmed the principal aim of Spanish colonization was the conversion of the heathen peoples to Christianity |
|
|
Desire for gold |
this aim sprang from the struggle among European powers to monopolize the spice trade of the Orient and to acquire riches |
|
|
Glory |
arose out of Spain’s ambition to be the greatest empire in the world |
|
|
Propagation of Christianity |
most successful and enduring |
|
|
Fr. Fernando de Morga |
begged king Philip III not to abandon the Philippines |
|
|
Council of Indies |
help the king rule the colonies |
|
|
Council of Indies |
created by King Charles I in his Royal Decree of August 1, 1524 |
|
|
Council of Indies |
this council was a powerful body, for it handled all matters pertaining to the colonies of the Spanish empire |
|
|
Council of Indies |
it consisted of a president, four councilors who were either lawyers or clergymen, a secretary, a fiscal, a treasurer, a historian, a cosmographer, a professor of mathematics, and an usher |
|
|
Council of Indies |
dismantled by Queen Isabel II in 1863 |
|
|
King Charles I |
created Council of Indies |
|
|
Royal Decree of August 1, 1524 |
decree which allowed King Charles I to create the Council of Indies |
|
|
Fray Garcia Jofre de Loaisa |
first president of the Council of Indies |
|
|
Fray Garcia Jofre de Loaisa |
Father General of the Dominican Order and Archbishop of Seville |
|
|
Ministry of Colonies |
replaced the Council of Indies |
|
|
Queen Isabel II |
issued Royal Decree of May 20, 1863 replacing Council of Indies with Ministry of Colonies (Ministerio de Ultramar) |
|
|
Ministry of Colonies |
header by Minister of Colonies, assisted by the Council of the Philippines (Consejo de Filipinas) |
|
|
Recoplilacion de Leyes de las Indias |
compilation of the numerous laws governing the colonies of Spain |
|
|
Laws of the Indies |
Recoplilacion de Leyes de las Indias is popularly known as |
|
|
Recoplilacion de Leyes de las Indias |
popularly known as Laws of the Indies |
|
|
Governor General |
enforced the King’s Royal decrees and other laws from Spain |
|
|
Governor General |
appointed and removed colonial officials, except those who were appointed by the King |
|
|
Governor General |
served as president (chief justice) of the Royal Audiencia (Supreme Court) |
|
|
Governor General |
served as vice-royal patron with the power to recommend priests for appointment as parish priests and to intervene in controversies between religious authorities |
|
|
Cumplase |
veto power of governor general |
|
|
Cumplase |
the governor-general could veto any royal decree or law from Spain |
|
|
Royal Audencia |
Supreme Court during the Spanish period |
|
|
residencia |
the trial of an outgoing governor and other Spanish officials during which they were called to account for their acts while in office |
|
|
visitador |
investigator which the king or Mexican viceroy sent to the colony to investigate conditions in the Philippines |
|
|
Royal Audencia |
created by Royal Decree of May 15, 1583 |
|
|
Governor Santiago de Vera |
the first president of the Royal Audencia |
|
|
Royal Audencia |
it was abolished in 1589 and reestablished in 1595 |
|
|
Autos acordados |
certain laws for the colony promulgated by Royal Audencia |
|
|
Autos acordados |
enacted upon agreement between Governor General and the Royal Audencia |
|
|
Royal Audencia |
served as auditor general of the colonial government |
|
|
Royal Audencia |
it audited the annual expenditures of the government |
|
|
Residencia |
a peculiar juridical institution introduced by Spain in the Philippines |
|
|
Residencia |
this trial was conducted by their successors or by a special judge appointed for this purpose |
|
|
Governor Guido de Laverazis |
the first Spanish Governor-General who was subjected to a residencia |
|
|
Governor Francisco de Sande |
successor of Governor Guido de Laverazis |
|
|
Governor Guido de Laverazis |
ordered by Sande to return the encomiendas to Betis and Lubao |
|
|
Governor Guido de Laverazis |
found guilty by Governor Francisco de Sande |
|
|
Governor Francisco de Sande |
found guilty by Governor Ronquillo de Peñalosa for enriching himself while in the office |
|
|
Governor Ronquillo de Peñalosa |
successor of Governor Francisco de Sande |
|
|
Hurtado de Corcuera |
sentenced to five years of imprisonment and a fine of 25, 000 |
|
|
Juan de Vargas |
condemned to stand daily on the doors of the churches, dressed in sack cloth of a penitent and with a rope around his neck |
|
|
Berenguer de Marquina |
was fined 40, 000 |
|
|
Visitador |
or investigating officer |
|
|
Francisco Rojas |
sent to investigate the quarrel between Governor Tabora and the Royal Audencia of Manila |
|
|
The Jose Ignacio Arzadun |
discovered the abuses of the Spanish alcalde mayor in Cagayan Province |
|
|
Encomienda |
a grant of inhabitants living in a particular conquered territory |
|
|
Encomienda |
it included only the tribute collected from the inhabitants. It did not include the lands, the natural resources, and the services of its inhabitants |
|
|
Encomiendero |
owner of the encomienda |
|
|
Encomiendero |
obliged by the law to promote the welfare of the inhabitants |
|
|
Royal and private |
two types of encomienda |
|
|
Royal encomienda |
were exclusively owned by the king and they were consisted of cities, seaports and inhabitants of regions rich in natural resources |
|
|
Private encomienda |
owned by private persons or charitable institutions, such as College of Santa Potenciana and the Hospital of San Juan de Dios |
|
|
Royal Decree of February 1, 1636 by King Philip III |
extended the tenure of encomienda to three generations |
|
|
One family |
one tribute correspond to __________ |
|
|
8 reales (one peso) |
in the beginning, a tribute amounted to ______, payable in money or kind |
|
|
Twelve reales (one peso and a half) |
in 1851 a tribute was increased to __________ |
|
|
Cedula tax |
replaced the tribute |
|
|
Dagami, Leyte |
where the encomiendero cheated the people by using a tampered weight |
|
|
Polo |
all male Filipino from 16 to 60 years of age were obliged to render forced labor |
|
|
Polo |
this labor lasted 40 days |
|
|
Polista |
person who rendered the forced labor |
|
|
Polista |
could be exempted from paying the falla |
|
|
Falla |
a sum of money |
|
|
Polista |
Filipinos who rendered forced labor |
|
|
Polista |
according to the law, were to be given a daily wage and rice ration during their working days |
|
|
Polo |
caused some Filipino revolts against Spain |
|
|
Sumoroy Rebellion in Samar |
Filipino revolt against Spain because of polo |
|
|
Royal Decree of August 9, 1589 |
emancipated all native slaves |
|
|
Pope Gregory XIV |
threated to excommunicate those who would not liberate their slaves |
|
|
Alcaldias |
the provinces were known as |
|
|
Alcaldias |
governed by an alcalde mayor |
|
|
Alcalde mayor |
govern the alcaldias |
|
|
Corregimientos |
special districts representing unpacified regions |
|
|
Corregidor |
an army officer |
|
|
Corregidor |
governs the Corregimientos |
|
|
Alcalde mayor of the province |
exercised both executive and judicial functions |
|
|
Alcalde mayor of the province |
received low salary, but his office was lucrative because of his privilege to engage in trade |
|
|
Alcalde mayor |
was simply made a judge in 1886 |
|
|
Civil governor |
appointed chief executive of the province |
|
|
Pueblos |
the provinces were divided into ________ |
|
|
Gobernadorcillo |
administers each pueblo |
|
|
Gobernadorcillo |
he was popularly called capitan and his wife, capitana |
|
|
Capitan ; capitana |
Gobernadorcillo is popularly known as ______ and his wife __________ |
|
|
Cabeza de barangay |
governs the barangay |
|
|
Barangay |
each pueblo was divided into _______ |
|
|
Manila, Lipa, Jaro, Cebu, Albay, Arevalo, Naga, Vigan |
large towns organized into cities |
|
|
Ayuntamiento |
city government was called |
|
|
Cabildo |
city council |
|
|
Cabildo |
composed of the alcalde, regidores, alguacil mayor, and the escribano |
|
|
Augustinians under Father Urdaneta |
first missionaries to reach the Philippines |
|
|
Augustinians |
they came in 1565 |
|
|
Franciscans |
they came in 1577 |
|
|
Jesuits |
they came in 1581 |
|
|
Dominicans |
they came in 1587 |
|
|
Recollects |
they came in 1606 |
|
|
Benedictines |
they came in 1895 |
|
|
Archbishop of Manila |
appointed by the Pope upon recommendation of the King |
|
|
Archbishop’s Court |
court of the church |
|
|
Archbishop’s Court |
tried cases involving Canon Law and cases concerning the clergy |
|
|
Bishopric of Manila |
established in 1578 by Pope Gregory XII |
|
|
Most Rev. Domingo de Salazar |
first Bishop of Manila |
|
|
Pope Clement VIII |
elevated Manila into archbishopric |
|
|
Cebu, Nueva Segovia, Nueva Caceres |
suffragan bishoprics |
|
|
Rev. Ignacio de Santibañez |
first Archbishop of Manila |
