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86 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ferdinand and Isabella-When
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Supported Colubus' jorney in late 15th, early 16th century
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Ferdinand and Isabella- What
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•Monarchs of unified Spain
o Ferdinand motivated by economic gain, trade routes, new materials o Isabella motivated by converting people o Isabella was a serious Roman Catholic |
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Ferdinand and Isabella - Why
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• Ferdinand and Isabella are important because without the support from them Columbus wouldn’t have settled parts of the Americas and Imperialism in Spain may have taken a different path or not occurred at all.
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De Las Casas-When
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debated Sepulveda in the 16th century
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De Las Casas-What
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•De Las Casas is motivated to write his letters to Ferdinand by faith.
•He views the Indians as “blissfully ignorant” and if they became Christians “they would be the happiest people in the world” •Wants Europeans to stop violence against Indians “innocent and childlike”- views using stereotypes |
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De Las Casas-Why
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• De Las Casas was important because he was one of the first people to try and stop the violence against the Indians. Many people did not care because they gained from the violence. Even De Las Casas wanted to gain by converting the Indians to Christianity.
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Sepulveda-When
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debated De Las Casas in the 16th century
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Sepulveda-What
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•Believed the Natives were inferior as “demonstrated by their nature” to the Spaniards
•Wanted the Natives to adapt in every way to the Spaniards lifestyle- religion, laws and customs, accept King Ferdinand as their own |
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Sepulveda-Why
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•Sepulveda was important because he discussed the early racism ideals that were spreading throughout Spain during the first imperialism.
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Pizarro-When
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•Early 16th century
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Pizarro-What
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•European Imperialist (explorer)
•He helped colonize/explore Peru •Helped concur Peru •Facts- kidnapped chief of Inca tribe, held chief for ransom, got gold but killed him anyway •Successful because he exploited Incas to get support to go against them |
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Pizarro-Why
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•Significant because he was part of a larger trend in creating modern Spain- helped create an empire for Spain- created wealth for Spain, suffering for indigenous peoples
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Aztecs-When
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Fell in the early 16th century
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Aztecs-What
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•The Aztec Empire was based on harsh rule, continuous war, human sacrifices, and war captives.
•Surrounding tribes wanted to get rid of Aztecs because of all of the wars so they helped Cortez concur them. •Aztecs were defeated by Cortez because he had technology- cannons, horses and swords, the Aztecs did not have much other than a lot of enemies •The fall of the Aztecs was significant because their land became the Capital |
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Ferdinand and Isabella-When
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Supported Colubus' jorney in late 15th, early 16th century
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Ferdinand and Isabella- What
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•Monarchs of unified Spain
o Ferdinand motivated by economic gain, trade routes, new materials o Isabella motivated by converting people o Isabella was a serious Roman Catholic |
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Ferdinand and Isabella - Why
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• Ferdinand and Isabella are important because without the support from them Columbus wouldn’t have settled parts of the Americas and Imperialism in Spain may have taken a different path or not occurred at all.
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De Las Casas-When
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debated Sepulveda in the 16th century
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De Las Casas-What
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•De Las Casas is motivated to write his letters to Ferdinand by faith.
•He views the Indians as “blissfully ignorant” and if they became Christians “they would be the happiest people in the world” •Wants Europeans to stop violence against Indians “innocent and childlike”- views using stereotypes |
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De Las Casas-Why
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• De Las Casas was important because he was one of the first people to try and stop the violence against the Indians. Many people did not care because they gained from the violence. Even De Las Casas wanted to gain by converting the Indians to Christianity.
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Sepulveda-When
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debated De Las Casas in the 16th century
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Sepulveda-What
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•Believed the Natives were inferior as “demonstrated by their nature” to the Spaniards
•Wanted the Natives to adapt in every way to the Spaniards lifestyle- religion, laws and customs, accept King Ferdinand as their own |
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Sepulveda-Why
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•Sepulveda was important because he discussed the early racism ideals that were spreading throughout Spain during the first imperialism.
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Pizarro-When
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•Early 16th century
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Pizarro-What
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•European Imperialist (explorer)
•He helped colonize/explore Peru •Helped concur Peru •Facts- kidnapped chief of Inca tribe, held chief for ransom, got gold but killed him anyway •Successful because he exploited Incas to get support to go against them |
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Pizarro-Why
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•Significant because he was part of a larger trend in creating modern Spain- helped create an empire for Spain- created wealth for Spain, suffering for indigenous peoples
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Aztecs-When
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Fell in the early 16th century
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Aztecs-What
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•The Aztec Empire was based on harsh rule, continuous war, human sacrifices, and war captives.
•Surrounding tribes wanted to get rid of Aztecs because of all of the wars so they helped Cortez concur them. •Aztecs were defeated by Cortez because he had technology- cannons, horses and swords, the Aztecs did not have much other than a lot of enemies •The fall of the Aztecs was significant because their land became the Capital |
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Aztecs-Why
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• The fall of the Aztecs was significant because their land became the Capital of New Spain- Tenochtitlan, also gave Spain more confidence because the Aztecs were one of the fiercest tribes they fought.
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Cape of Good Hope-When
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Portuguese occupied cape in 1500's
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Cape of Good Hope-What
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•Important for sea route; new materials-indian Spices
•If they could get around cape they could get Asian luxury goods •Used force, Portuguese govt. made a boatload of money • sparked interest to find an alt. route to Asia. |
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Cape of Good Hope-Why
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•Significant because it made people interested in finding alternate routes to Asia and Columbus found America instead.
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Enlightenment-When
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1800's
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Enlightenment-What
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•New philosophy in Europe
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Enlightenment-Why
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stressed importance of reason, science, society, and progress – ideas behind new imperialism
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Luxemburg-When
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•Early 1900’s
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Luxemburg-What
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•Luxemburg believes the “new imperialism” sprouted from the capitalist system, of which was on a search for more power, more territory, and more colonies to support their economy.
•Believed there needed to be a revolution rather than continuously taking people over •Marxist views |
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Luxemburg-Why
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Gave reasons the new imperialism existed
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Conklin-When
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Modern Historian
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Conklin-What
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•focuses on the French’s “aggressive imperialism” tactics.
•Conklin also writes about the “mirror-like” ruling of France and its colonies *Shows the self-confidence of France |
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Conklin-Why
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Gives a new reason for the New Imperialism
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Liberalism-When
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•European countries in 1800’s
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Liberalism-What
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ideology that suggested all men are equal
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Liberalism-Why
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brought end to slave trade (old imperialism) , started civilizing missions(new imperialism)
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Social Darwinism-When
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•2nd half of 19th century
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Social Darwinism-What
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• survival of the fittest” social Darwinism idea presented by Spencer, idea inspired by Darwin but he did not intend for his ideas to be used this way.
• Vulgarization of Darwin’s natural selection • Frequently used by working class or middle class and aristocrats |
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Social Darwinism-Why
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• Significant because it Justified views of racism and imperialism
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Eugenics-When
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• 1920’s-1930’s Early 20th century
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Eugenics-What
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• Introduced by Francis Galton- related to social Darwinism
• Sterilized alcoholics, disabled, poor • Control of population-begin to get rid of weak genetic links |
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Eugenics-Why
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• Beginning of radical measures for “perfect race”
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Said-When
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wrote about late 19th century
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Said-What
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• He was a historian who wrote about new and causes of imperialism
• He was of Palestinian decent • Causes of rapid colonization of Africa • Orientalism- racism was the primary cause behind modern European imperialism • Significant to modern history because he proposed that racism was the cause of the new imperialism- Looked at multiple arguments for why Europeans colonized Africa and Asia quickly |
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Said-Why
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• offering racism as a reason for imperialism he opposed Conklin’s views of etc…
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Berlin Conference-When
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late 19th century
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Berlin Conference-What
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• the initial task of the conference was to agree that the Congo River and Niger River mouths and basins would be considered neutral and open to trade.
• part of the Congo Basin became Belgium's King Leopold II and under his rule, over half of the region's population died. • European colonial powers scrambled to gain control over the interior of the continent. • Significant because it split Africa up • Showed euopean desire to colonize + grow |
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Berlin Conference-Why
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• New imperialism-getting into the heart of Africa-shows European desire to do so
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Karl Pearson-When
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late 19th century
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Karl Pearson-What
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• what-wrote a primary source in a way that was influenced and about Social Darwinism, used social Darwinism to justify racism
• no matter what the “higher race” will dominate the “lower races” race hierarchy • Believed it to be the natural order- racial hierarchy • explain why he was significant to modern history (Social Darwinism) - |
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Karl Pearson-Why• 2nd half of 19th century
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• why- symbolic of the growing support for Social Darwinism
• Thought it was their religious duty to convert rest of world to Christianity- burden (relates to De las Casas) |
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Race and Space-When
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• Early 20th century
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Race and Space-What
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• Part of Hitler’s ideology
• Policy of Eastern Europe- said that in order for Germany to survive as a race, they need space • expand boards, so that pure Aryan Germans could reproduce and become more powerful. • Believed eastern races were inferior- they could steal their land, enslave, and kill eastern races. |
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Race and Space-Why
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• Significant because Hitler actually carried it out and it was the stepping stone to the Holocaust
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Versailles Treaty-When
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• End of WWI early 20th century
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Versailles Treaty-What
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blamed Germans for starting war
• Humiliating for Germans • Had to pay for reparations- economic depression! Ethnic Cleansing |
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Versailles Treaty-Why
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Significant because it helped Hitler come to power- he was willing to take dramatic steps against it
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Ethnic Cleansing-When
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• Early WWII 30’s-40’
End of WWII Mid 40's |
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Ethnic Cleansing-What
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• forced resettlement of peoples based on ethnicity
• - impact on Jewish and Polish population- both persecuted - resettle them to far corner “reservation” in east corner of Poland • Violent process • Went along with Hitler’s Race and Space- gives room for Germans to live • After war over in 1945- treaty Allies signed with Germans- required orderly population transfer of Germans back into Germany • Treaty said it was suppose to be orderly and over some years • Did not occur this way, b/c of revenge- New eastern European governments pushed to get rid of Germans • Brutal-loss of all possessions and land |
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Ethnic Cleansing-Why
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• Significant- caused great hardships, it was revenge to the Germans for what they did
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Totalitarianism-When
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Hitler had a totalitarian government During WWII
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Totalitarianism-What
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• Ruled by a tyrant
• Dictatorship • People are there to serve the government (feature of totalitarianism- Nazi) • “loose identity” work for state • Very modern sort of dictatorship state able to achieve total control and dominance over lives of people |
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Totalitarianism-Why
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Gave Hitler complete control to do anything
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Jedwabne-When
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• 1941
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Jedwabne-What
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• Polish/Jewish town
• Porgrom • Example for anti-semetic violence • Polish/Nazi’s massacred almost all of the Jews |
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Jedwabne-Why
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• Significant because it gives an uncommon view of history stating that the Polish had more to do with killing of Jews in Jedwabne than the Nazi’s did
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Volkssturm-When
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• At the end of the WWII
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Volkssturm-What
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• Group of the oldest men and youngest children- millions fought
• Last line of defense for Germans • Nazi’s used anyone they could to save themselves |
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Volkssturm-Why
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It was the German's last hope of surviving
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Ethnic German-When
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• Late 40’s early 50’s
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Ethnic German-What
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• A person of German ethnicity, person who lived outside boarders of Germany who was of German Heritage, important to war because many collaborated with Nazi’s when they occupied countries
• Expulsion of Ethnic German Refugees out of other countries back to Germany • Ethnically Cleansed from other countries, forced to resettle in Germany-property and possessions taken from them |
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Ethnic German-Why
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Significant because they helped Hitler's Regime pick out traders, and helped Hitler take over country by supporting soldiers
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Fire Bombing-When
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• Mid 20th century
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Fire Bombing-What
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• Firebombing- discovered by accident
• If you went about firebombing a certain way you could set a while city on fire, high explosives to prevent firemen from being able to put out • Skin set on fire-try to dive in river, because of firebombing water was boiling, many casualties because of this. • Started after Germans heavily bombed Britain • British bombed civilian targets in Germany |
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Fire Bombing-Why
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• Significant because it destroyed the moral of Germans- their homes, food, electricity, water, communication destroyed
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Mothers in the Fatherland-When
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• 1980’s
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Mothers in the Fatherland-What
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• Thesis: German women were very much complicit in success in Nazi regime and complicit in aiding as perpetrators against Jews
• Women accepted the roles that the Nazi men wanted them to have- therefore accepting Nazi policies • Women provided a comfortable environment for their husbands that committed crimes, let men escape horrors they witnessed all day • Majority of women supported regime until war was in final states – then mad because regime left them Vulnerable (Berlin) |
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Mothers in the Fatherland-Why
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• Significant because it was a landmark in women’s history- 1945- because woman actively participated in war efforts they had a platform to demand rights
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