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90 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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absolute monarch
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kings or queens who held all power within their states
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divine right
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the idea go created the monarchy and that the monarch acted as gods representative on earth
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louis XIV
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the french king (1643-1715) who built versailes, fought costly wars and may have said i am the state
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versiles
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peace treaty between the Allies and Germany 1919.
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english civil war
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the stuggle between supoters of the british monarchy and the puritans supporters of parliment
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whigs
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a member of a political party that was formed in opposition to the Democratic party, and favored economic expansion and a high protective tariff
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tories
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a member of a political party in Great Britain from the late 17th century
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roundheads
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a member or adherent of the Parliamentarians or Puritan party during the civil wars of the 17th century
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glorious revolution
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the bloodiest overthrow of englands cathlic king jamesII launched by protestant members of parliment
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constitutional monarchy
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a system of government in wich laws limit the power of royal rulers
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whigs
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a member of a political party that was formed to the Democratic party and favored economic expansion and a high protective tariff
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tories
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a member of a political party in Great Britain from the late 17th century
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roundheads
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a member or adherent of the Parliamentarians or Puritan party during the civil wars of the 17th century
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glorious revolution
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the bloodiest overthrow of englands cathlic king jamesII launched by protestant members of parliment
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constitutional monarchy
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a system of government in wich laws limit the power of royal rulers
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peter the great
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the czar and reformer who advanced education modernized the military and built a port near the baltic sea
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st. petersburg
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a former empire in E Europe and N and W Asia: overthrown by the Russian Revolution 1917
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boyars
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landowning noble in russia
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chapter 6
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chapter 6
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the enlightment
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an itellectual movement in the 18th century that stressed the power of individuals to solve problems
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copernicus
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theory that the earth and the other planets move around the sun
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heliocentric theory
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the belif that the stars the earth and the other planets revolve around the sun
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scientific method
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a logical procedure for testing ideas it includes observation hypothesis testing and conclusion
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galileo
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he built a telescope to view the stars and planets the church tried him for heresy for his scientific ideas
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john locke
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he proposed that all people are born free and equal with three natural rights: life liberty and property
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articles of confederation
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the agreement made by the original 13 states in 1777 establishing a confederacy to be known as the United States of America; replaced by the Constitution of 1788
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shays rebelion
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An uprising led by a former militia officer, Daniel Shays, which broke out in western Massachusetts in 1786.
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issaic newton
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the english scientist who discoverd the law of universal gravitation
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social contract
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the agreement in which people give their rights to a strong ruler in exchange for law and order
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montesquieu
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a french writer who studied political liberty and developed the idea of separation of powers
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voltaire
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a french philosopher and satirist who fought for tolerance reason and liberty
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enlightened despots
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a monarch who made reforms under the influence of new ideas
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declaration of independance
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the document in which american colonists asserted their right to free themselves from british rule
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chapter 7
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chapter 7
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causes of the french revolution
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international struggle
political conflict the enlightment social antagonism |
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declaration of the rights of man
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Approved by the National Assembly of France, August 26, 1789 articles of thr rights of man
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the estates
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the term for any social calss in france before the french revolution
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louis XVI
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king of france He married Marie Antoinette in 1770 and they were guillotined during the French Revolution
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bastille day reign of terror
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This was a cruel period when France was killing its people by hundreds in a frightening movement of rage and decadence. People were arrested and executed without trial
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maximilien robespierre
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he sent out to build a french republic virtue his rule became known as the reign of terror
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bourgeoisie
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the class of modern capitalists, owners of the means of social production and the employers of wage labor."
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napoleon Bonaparte
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was a military and political leader of France and Emperor of the French
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Napoleonic code
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a comprehensive system of laws that eliminated many injustices and gave france a uniform set of laws
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battle of tafalgar
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took place in 1805off the southwest coast of spain
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czar alexander I
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the czar of Russia whose plans to liberalize the government of Russia were unrealized because of the wars with Napoleon
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congress of vienna
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the meetings that set policies to prmote security and stability in europe after napoleons defeat
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klemens von metternich
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the austrian foreign minister who distrusted the democratic ideals of the french revolution
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chapter 8
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chapter 8
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nationalism
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the belif that peoples greatest loyalty should be to a nation that shares a common culture and history
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toussaint l overture
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He was made governor of the island by the French Revolutionary government (1794) and expelled the Spanish and British
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simon bolivar
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the hero of latin american independence who won independence for four latin american countries
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creoles
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a spaniard who was born in latin america a member of the second highest social class
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peninsulares
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a member of the privileged minority in spanish american society who were born in spain
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louis philippe
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became excessively identified with the bourgeoisie and he was forced to abdicate by the revolution of 1848
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louis napoleon
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the president and self proclaimed emperor who restored prosperity and stability to france
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garibaldi
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he always wore bright red shirts and his followers they became know as the red shirts
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mazzinin
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Italian patriot
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cavour
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a leader of the movement for the unification of Italy
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otto von bismark
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he declared germany would never wage aggressive war but then used war to promote german expansion
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realpolitik
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the politics of reality a german term used to describe tough power politics with no room for idealism
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junkers
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German aircraft designer and builder.
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kaiser
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a German emperor
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chapter 9
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chapter 9
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industrial revolution
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the increase output of machine made goods that began in england in the mid 1700s
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crop rotation
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the process of changing what is planted in a filed from year to year in order to restore soil nutrients
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encloser movement
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land owners experimented with more productive seeding and harvesting methods to boost crop yields
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james watt
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british engineer and inventor invented the steam engine
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robert fulton
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an american inventor he launched his first steam boat the clermont in 1807 on the hudson river in new york
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textile mills
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people wove them by hand many inventions were made to speed up the processclothed the worl in wool linen and cotton
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entrepreneurs
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a person who organizes manages and takes on the risks of a business
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collective bargaining
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the process by which wages, hours, rules, and working conditions are negotiated and agreed upon by a union
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urbanization
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the process in which cities develop and grow as large numbers of people move in search of jobs
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problems of city life
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bad working conditions and poor payments poor people
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Adam smith
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he proposed the economic law of supply and demand and defended the idea of free markets
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Karl Marx
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the German writer who with Friedrich Engels wrote the communist manifesto
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laissez faire
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the economic policy of letting owners of industry and business set working conditions without interference
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socialism
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the economic system in which the factors of production are publicly owned and operate for the welfare of all
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communism
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a form of complete socialism in which all of the means of production would be owned by the people
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proletariat
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the lowest or poorest class of people, possessing no property,
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capitalism
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an economic system based on private ownership and investments of money in business ventures to make a profit
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communist manifesto
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a pamphlet (1848) by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels: first statement of the principles of modern communism.
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utopia
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any visionary system of political or social perfection.
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chapter 10
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chapter 10
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manifest destiny
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the idea that the U.S. had the right to rule north america from the atlantic to the pacific ocean
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Texas independence
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Texas a free and independent republic
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california to the U.S.
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1848 that James Marshall discovered gold
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Louisiana purchase
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territory in the western United States purchased from France in 1803 for $15 million; extends from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains
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reform bill of rights
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A bill of rights is a list of the most important rights of the citizens of a country. The purpose of these bills is to protect those rights against infringement by the government
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Chartist movement
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a movement to extend voting rights to all men in great britain
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the Dreyfus affair
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the scandal in which a jewish officer in the french army was falsely accused of selling military secrets
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