History Exam Review

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Black Hand

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A nationalits group that wanted to be an independent nation from rule Austria-Hungary.

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Historical Significance - Black Hand

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Members of the group were behind the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophia which sparked WWI.

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The Battle of Ypres

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A battle between the two sides which took place in Belgium.

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Historical Significance of the Battle of Ypres

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Canadian troops gained the name the stormtroopers and the it was the first time chlorine gas was used.

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Robert Borden

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Prime minister of Canada during the war.

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Historical Significanc of Robert Borden

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Gave women the right to vote, and was the reason Canada was left divided after the war.

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Halifax Explosion

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A larg eexplosion that took place in the Halifax harbour between the Imo and Mont Blanc

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Historical Significance of Halifax Explosion

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Largest man-made, non-nuclear explosion before Hiroshima.

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Henri Bourassa

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Leader to Liberal party in Quebec during WWI who supported French culture and language

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Historical Significance - Henri Bourassa

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Was against conscription and thought Canadians should send supplies not soldiers overseas to help the war effort.

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Triple Alliance

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Germany, Austria Hungary, and Italy

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Historical Significance - Triple Alliance

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Was a cause of WWI since Germany attacked France due to its ally Austria-Hungary declaring war on Serbia.

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Conscription

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A law passed by the Canadian government forcing all able bodied, unmarried men between the ages of 18-21 to join the military and go to war

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Historical Significance - Conscription

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Contributed to Canada being left divided after the war since the French Canadians did not want their men going to war

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Lusitania

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A U.S. ship that was sunk by a German U-boat causing the deaths of many Americans

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Historical Significance - Lusitania

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Forced the United States out of isolation and to join the war and join the fight against the enemy.

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Trench Warfare

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A type of armed combat in which the opposing troops fight from trenches that face each other

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Historical Significance - Trench Warfare

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Was the reason the war wasn't over by Christmas and was the main mode of transportation and protection during combat

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War Measures Act

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Law that allowed government to limit Canadians' freedoms and take away certain individuals' civil rights during the war

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Historical Significance - War Measures Act

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Divided Canada's views and prejudeuce was used during the event

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U-Boats

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Submarines used to sink oher vessls. They were known as the silent killers

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Historical Significance - U-Boats

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- Germany used their U-Boats to sink the Lusitania causing the US to join the war
- German U-Boats torpedeoed enemy ships including many merchant ships helping the enemy

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Billy Bishop

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Famous Canadian pilot in British Air Force

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Historical Significance - Billy Bishop

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Shot down 72 enemy planes contributing to the Triple Entente's war effort

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Treaty of Versailles

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An event that took place in France discussing how Germany should be punished for the war. Involved the War Guilt Clause, Reparations, Disarment, and Territorial Clause

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History Significance - Treaty of Versialles

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Left Germans with a stain on their honour later leading to Hitler's revolution and his want to conquer Europe leading the WWII

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June 28th 1914

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Date Archduke Fran Ferdinand and his wife Sofia were asassinated

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Historical Significance - June 28th 1914

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The assassination was the spark that lead to WWI

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Imperial War Conference 1917

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Robert Borden conference realizing a lack of volunteers to help the war effort

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Historical Significance - Imperial War Conference 1917

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Provoked the conscription to get more soldiers overseas to help th ewar effort

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Flappers

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Women who wore skirts and dresses above the knee, cut their hair in a short bob, cussed, drank, smokes, visted speakeasies and blind pigs, and were promiscuous/ flirted with men

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Historical Significance - Flappers

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Lead to women having more independence by not follwoing traditional ways

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Persons Case

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When Emily Murphy was told in court one day that her being a female judge cannot make a decision since she was not a "person" under the BNA Act. Resulted in Murphy and 4 supporters appealing to the British Privy Council.

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Historical Significance - Persons Case

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Declared women to be persons granting them more rights leading to the first woman being elected to senate

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Great Depression

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Time during the 1930s where an economic crisis took place with massive unemployment

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Historical Significance - Great Depression

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Caused poverty nation wide due to job loss, stock market crash, and low trading

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Relief Camps

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Were set up by R.B. Bennett during WWI and were ran by the Department of National Defence. It gave single men 18+ food,shelter, clothes, and a small wage while working on things such as building roads.

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Historical Significance - Relief Camps

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Unhappiness amongst the relief camps lead to the On-To-Ottawa trek.

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One Big Union

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A union formed by western unionists to resolve the misrepresentation of many skilled and unskilled workers. The OBU believed in unionism and socialism.

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Historical Significance - One Big Union

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Represented the people during times of labour unrest and tried to get the workers' demands met

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Buying on Credit

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When people would pay a small portion at the time of purchase and would pay it back later on. Also referred to "Buy now, pay later"

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Historical Significance - Buying On Credit

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Many Canadians bought lots of things they could not afford hoping to pay back later but with low income these people were in debt and couldn't afford basic needs

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Inflation

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Rise in general price levels due to volume of money, decreasing currency value

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Historical Significance - Inflation

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Partly responsible of the great depression (Business cycle)

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Prohibition

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Banning by law of the making, selling, and transporting of alcohol

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Historical Significance - Prohibition

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Led to crime lords such as Al Capone to make major profits and smuggling became a new way to make money

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Model T Ford

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A car invented by Henry Ford.

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Historical Significance - Model T Ford

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Made transportation from point a to point B easier connecting rural areas to cities. It also invented the assembly line which improved production casuing 1/3 families to own a car by the 1920s

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Staple Products

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Products such as wheta, minerals, fish, pulp and paper

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Historical Significance - Staple Products

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Staple products being a major export contributed to the Great Depression when demand went down

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Labour Strikes

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Creation of Co-operative Commonwalth Federation, on-to-Ottawa trek, bloody saturday

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Hisotrical Significance - Labour Strikes

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Demonstrates the different views on economic issues, ad drastic measures taken by citizens

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Famous Five

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Group of Canadian women led by Emily Murphy and Nellie McClung to change laws regarding women's rights

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Historical Significance - Famous Five

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Caused the British Privy Council to declare women as persons and allowed the first female senator to be appointed

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Rumrunners

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Smugglers who transported alcohol across the U.S. / Canada border

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Hisotrical Significance - Rumrunners

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Later lead to prohibition being lifted since the smugglers were part of the reason it wasn't working

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R.B. Bennett

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Prime Minister during the Great Depression

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Historical Significance - R.B. Bennett

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Was blamed for the great depression and his lack of government support during the 30's. Bennett Buggies were created and named after him.

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Dustbowls

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Canadian farmers suffered fro drought and heavy winds, ruining crops

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Hisotrical Significance - Dustbowls

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Provided difficulty to grow food causing the price of crops to rise

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Black Tuesday

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Day the stock markets crashd causing people to lose everything

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Hisorical Significance - Black Tuesday

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Caused widespread poverty and was a symptom of the Great Depression

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J.S. Woodsworth

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Behind the social democrat movement, Leader of Co-operative Commonwealth Federation

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Historicl Significance - J.S. Woodworth

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Later became the leader of the New Democratic Party formerly the CCF

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Miracle of Dunkirk

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Hitler held back his troops from advancing through Dunkirk unkowingly where a large scale evacuation was taking place.

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Historical Significance - Miracle of Dunkirk

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Over 300,000 allied troops were rescued form the beches with the help of Navy convoys and merchant marine

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Zyklon B

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Poisonous gas used to murder Jews and other undesirables in gas chambers

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Historical Significance - Zyklon B

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Responsible for the execution of over 6 million views

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Kristallnacht

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Known as "The Night of the Broken Glass". It was a 7 day torment against Jewish shops, synagogues, homes, churches, schools, and businesses

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Historical Signififcance - Kristallnacht

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Was one of Hitler's acts of terror upon the Jews. He ordered them to clean it up and pay for the damages as part of his plan to eliminate Jews in Europe.

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Aushwitz

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Largest Nazi concentration camp located in Poland and was wable to kill thousands of Jews a day

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Historical Significance - Aushwitz

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Responsible for the deaths of 1.1 to 1.5 million Jews

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Adrien Arcand

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Fascist leadr in Quebec who looked uo ti Hitler's ideaology on Jews

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Historical Signififcance - Adrien Arcand

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Created anti-Jew ways in Canada promoting anti-semitism

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Munich Agreement

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An agreement made by France, Great Britain, Germany, and Italy allowing Germany to take over the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia as long as Hitler promised not to take over anymore territories

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Historical Significance - Munich Agreement

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Lead to Hitler seeing if the allied powers were ready for a war and how easily they could be persuaded. This was a major event leding to WWII.

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Atomic Bomb

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This was ordered by the U,S. president Truman to be dropped on Japan to pressure them to surrender. The bomber was Enola Gay and it was dropped over Hiroshima.

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Historical Significance - Atomic Bomb

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The bomb was responsible for killing thousands of Japanese citizens and Japan still didn't surrender untila seocnd bomb was dropped.

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Battle of Dieppe

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A failed attempt in August 1942 in battle that Canada was a part of to help relieve pressure off of the Russian Army in the East.

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Historical Significance - Battle of Dieppe

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Troops were poorly equipped since the gravel terrain was not taken into considration and there was a lack of air and sea support.

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Blitzkrieg

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German attack technique known as also known as "Lightning Warfare" and was a quick punch. It went airforce, tanks then infantry to penetrate to enemy.

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Historical Significance - Blitzkrieg

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Was used by the Germans during WWII, and was first used to capture Poland leaving them completely defenseless against the new kind of warfare.

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Battle of Hong Kong

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First time Canadians saw battle in WWII. Troops were stationed there since to protect the British Colony.

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Historical Significance - Battle of Hong Kong

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The soldiers were poorly equipped with limited training and low odds leading to defeat and imprisonment.

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Neuremburg Laws

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Legislation put in place by the NAZIs banning marriage of Jews and non-Jews and taking away citizenship and civil rights of Jews

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Historical Significance - Neuremburg Laws

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Part of Hiler's plan to exterminate all Jews from Europe and prevent them from tainting the blood of his master race.

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Winston Churchill

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Minister of the Navy when Neville Chamberlain was in office. He deemed Hitler untrustworthy and evil.

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Historical Significance - Winston Churchill

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Disliked Hitler, and disagreed with the appeasement. He said "You were given the choice between war and dishonor. You chose dishonor and you will have war."

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Master Race

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Hitler's idea of the master Aryan race was a tall, blonde haired, blue eyed German.

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Historical Significance - Master Race

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Lead to the execution of many people who didn't fit the profile of the maste race.

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Camp X

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Also known as Spy Training School 103 and it trained select people in intelligence and advanced combat.

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Historical Significance - Camp X

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Played a key role in stopping the Germans from infiltrating Canada and planning inside attacks

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Anschluss

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Annexation of Austria by Germany.

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Historical Signififcance - Anschluss

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Germany was able to invade and take over a nation without firing a single shot. It also helped grow Germany in power and population

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Cold War

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Was a time where the U.S and Canada and the USSR didn't trust each other (Democrats vs. Communists). Was a war without actual fighting it was through espionage.

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Historical Significance - Cold War

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Created an arms race for production of Nuclear weapons and distrust amongst world superpowers

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NORAD

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North American air defence command brought the air defence of the two countries under joint integration. Headquarters in Colorado and North Bay.

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Historical Significance - NORAD

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Created the DEW Line later on which notified of any missile attacks on North America

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Baby Boom

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1946-1961 when Canada's population increased by 50% from 12 to 18 million

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Historical Signififcance - Baby Boom

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Created more jobs, schools, roads, hospitals, and suburbs and boosted Canada's Economy

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Multiculturalism

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The acceptance of different cultures and ethnicities in Canada.

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Historical Significance - Multiculturalism

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Canada was the first country to adapt this law and accept individuals from different countries

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United Nations

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Job was to keep the peace and to prevent war and people from being treated the way the Jews were during the Holocaust

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Historical Significance - United Nations

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It has and will continue to save many devastaed countries, many people, and keep world peace

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Separtism

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Quebec wanting to seperate from Canada and be its own independent nation

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Historical Significance - Separtism

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Lead to the FLQ October Crisis killing Pierre Laporte during the Separtist Movement

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Trudeaumania

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Time when the baby boomers wanted a new face for politics causing them to look towards Pierre Trudeau as a new leader. He was a young, stylish, charismatic, flamboyant and persuasive man who came to events in helicopters and arrived to cities by jet making everyone love him

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Historical Significance - Trudeau Mania

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He became the Prime Minister of Canada and created the Charter of Rights and Freedoms

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Bill 101

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Put restrictions on the use of languages other than French in Quebec making French part of the Government and businesses.

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Historical Significance - Bill 101

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Immigrants had to pass a test to go to an English School and if they failed they were required to go to a French School

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NATO

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North Atlantic Treaty Organization committed to collective security with all the members promising to defend each other in event of an attack

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Hostorical Significance - NATO

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Prevented communism and the countries involved are joined together for protection to this day

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BNA

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British North America Act of 1982 became the constitution during the time

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Historical Significance - BNA

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Canada was allowed to create its own laws and have its own independence

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War Measures Act

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Gives the government sweeping powers to control people and arrest anyone who is a potential threat

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Historical Significance - War Measures Act

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Put in place during the October Crisis during the attempted revolution ins Quebec taking away civil rights from people