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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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"waving the bloody shirt" |
an offensive term used in 1880s/90s to refer to politicians who shipped up old animosities from civil war era that ought to be set aside |
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Gilded Age |
term describing the late 1800s as a period of huge displays of wealth, growing poverty, and government inaction in the face of income inequality |
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Pendleton Act |
an 1883 law that established a Civil Service Commission to fill federal jobs by examination. Dealt a major blow to the "spoils system" and ensured that government positions were filled by trained professional employees |
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Mugwumps |
late 1800s branch of reform-minded Republicans who left their party in 1884 to support Democratic pres. candidate Grover Cleveland (mugs on one side of the fence, wumps on the other) |
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Sherman Antitrust Act |
1890 act that forbade anticompetitive business activities, requiring the federal government to investigate trusts and any companies operating in violation of the act |
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Lodge Bill (aka Federal Elections Bill) |
proposing that whenever 100 citizens in any district appealed for intervention, a bipartisan federal board could investigate and seat the rightful sinner. The defeat of the bill was a blow to those seeking to defend African American voting rights and to ensure full participation of politics |
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Omaha Reform |
an 1892 statement by Populists calling for stronger government protection to ordinary Americans |
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William vs. Mississippi |
an 1898 Supreme Court ruling that allowed states to impose poll taxes and literacy tests. By 1908, every Southern state did this |
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Solid South |
The post-Reconstruction goal achieved by the early 20th century of almost complete electoral control of the South by Democratic Party |
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Lochner vs. New York |
A 1905 Supreme Court ruling that New York State could not limit bakers' work day to 10 hours because that violated bakers' rights to make contracts |
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Newlands Reclamation Act |
A 1902 law that allowed the federal government to sell public lands to raise money for irrigation projects that expanded agriculture on arid lands, supported by Teddy Roosevelt |
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Wisconsin Idea |
A policy promoted by Republican Governor Robert La Follette of Wisconsin for greater government intervention in the economy, with reliance on experts, particularly progressive economists, for policy recommendations |
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recall |
a pioneering progressive idea, enacted in Wisconsin, Oregon, California, and other states, that gave citizens the right to remove unpopular politicians from office through a vote |
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referendum |
the process of voting directly on a proposed policy measure rather than leaving it in the hands of elected legislators; a progressive reform |
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National Child Labor Committee |
A reform organization that worked to win a federal law banning child labor. Unsuccessful. Hired Lewis Hine to record brutal conditions in mines and mills where 1000s of children worked |
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Muller vs. Oregon |
1908 Supreme Court case that upheld an Oregon law, limiting women's workday to 10 hours, based on the need to protect women's health for motherhood. Muller complicated the earlier decision in Lochner vs. New York, laying out grounds ion which states could intervene to protect workers. It divided women's rights activists, however, because some saw its provisions as discriminatory |
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talented tenth |
term used by Harvard-educated socialist W.E.B. Du Bois for the top 10% of educated African Americans, whom he called on to develop new strategies to advocate for civil rights |
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National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) |
founded in 1910 by leading African American reformers and white allies as a vehicle for advocating equal rights for African Americans, especially through the courts |
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Industrial Workers of the World |
an umbrella union and radical political group founded in 1905, dedicated to organizing unskilled workers to oppose capitalism. Nicknamed the Wobblies, it advocated direct action by workers, including sabotage and general strikes |
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New Nationalism |
in 1910 speech, Teddy Roosevelt called for a "New Nationalism" that promoted government intervention to enhance public welfare, including a federal child labor law, more recognition of labor rights, a national minimum wage for women, women's suffrage, and curbs on the power of federal courts to stop reform |
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Clayton Antitrust Act |
A 1914 law that strengthened federal definitions of "monopoly" and gave more power to the Justice Department to pursue antitrust cases; it also specified that labor unions couldn't generally be prosecuted for "restraint of trade" ensuring that antitrust laws would apply to corporations rather than unions |
