History Ancient Egypt Test 2

Front 1

Bity

Back 1

the one of the bee/notrthern ruler

Front 2

Nu-Swt

Back 2

the one of the sedge plant/southern ruler

Front 3

Wadget

Back 3

cobra goddess. certifier of northern ruler

Front 4

Nekhbet

Back 4

vulture goddess. certifier of southern ruler

Front 5

Horus

Back 5

falcon god/certifier of unified ruler

Front 6

Menes

Back 6

1st per'o of unifed Egypt
Horus monarch
founded Memphis

Front 7

NARMER PALETTE

Back 7

Royal cosmetic mixing surface: ritually carved
Narmer (WHite crown) slays delta foe
Horus Grants victory over forts and foes
Narmer (Red crown)
unified egypt

Front 8

Forms of Egyptian Royal Regalin

Back 8

Hedjet,Deshret,Shmty, Ureret, Khepresh, Atef, Nemes
HEka(crook), Nekhakha (flail),Usekh

Front 9

Hedjet

Back 9

White Political Crown of Upper Egypt

Front 10

Deshret

Back 10

Red Political crown of Lower Egypt

Front 11

Shmty

Back 11

Double Political Crown of United Egypt

Front 12

Ureret

Back 12

Political Double Plummed crown (pre-Den)

Front 13

Khepresh

Back 13

Blue crown of war & Ritual Violence

Front 14

Atef

Back 14

horned Regligious crown with fertility symbols

Front 15

Nemes

Back 15

Golden Diadem (over cloth headpiece)

Front 16

Heka ( Crook)

Back 16

Leader ship

Front 17

Nekhakha (Flail)

Back 17

Disciplinary Authority

Front 18

Usekh

Back 18

Broad collar

Front 19

Hieroglyphs

Back 19

formal pictographics script ( invented 3100 B.C.)
Ideographs & Phonemic values added
Restricted to monumnetal use & Scared texts
Maintained throughout native domination
invention of the God Thoth

Front 20

Alternate Forms of the Characters

Back 20

Hieratic, Demotic, Coptic, Serekh, Cartouche

Front 21

Hieratic

Back 21

origanal abberviated signs for common use

Front 22

Demotic

Back 22

cursive script of 7th -5th cent. B.C.

Front 23

Coptic

Back 23

egyptian written w/ Greek alphabets

Front 24

Serekh

Back 24

proclaimer banner w/ Idol for per'o authorty

Front 25

Cartouche

Back 25

scared or royal oval name enclosure

Front 26

Translators

Back 26

Silvester DeSarcy
Jean F. Champollion

Front 27

Silvester DeSarcy

Back 27

Developed Demotic Sign List

Front 28

Jean F. Champollion

Back 28

Translated Hieroglyphs

Front 29

Palermo Stone

Back 29

Fragment of an Egyptian kings list
gives reignal years trhough dynasty V
Lists extremes of annual niles river levels
notes tax tours of the kings
shows cattle census results
records fashioning of major cult idols
names new cities built
useful in translating the hieroglyphs

Front 30

Rosetta Stone

Back 30

Priestly decree honoring ptolemy V
Employed Gree, Demotic & hieroglyphs
Brought to france my napoleon
Successfully used for translation studies

Front 31

Seasonal Calendar of Egyptian Economy

Back 31

June - September= Akhet(Inundation)/Corvee Work
September-February=Peroyet (Emergency)/Planting
February-June=Shomu(Drought)/ Harvest & Storage

Front 32

Djoser

Back 32

Old kingdom dynasty lll's 2nd PER'O
Stimulated Technological advances, great liberal art patron, sponsored hieroglyph reforms, the capital firmly set in Memphis, commissioned the stepped pyramid at saqqara, established notions regarded sacred rule

Front 33

Imhotep

Back 33

Djoser's cort physician, astronomer, cort sage, sculptor,master builder, Commissioned to design & build the 1st pyramid, constructed the stepped pyramid at saqqara, served as Zati to Djoser, made a minor God in saite period

Front 34

Forms of egyptian royal burial architecture

Back 34

Mastaba, Stepped pyramid, bent pyramid, true pyramid, vally of the kings

Front 35

Mastaba

Back 35

mud brick sepulchre for body of a royal person

Front 36

Stepped Pyramid

Back 36

Terred mastabas for a king's burial

Front 37

Bent Pyramid

Back 37

arc sided pyramid ( ex. Dashur's ) for king

Front 38

True Pyramid

Back 38

standard pyramid (ex. Giza) for pero's

Front 39

Valley of the kings

Back 39

tombs carved in to the cliffs for kings

Front 40

Zati

Back 40

"the man" pharaoh's chief adiministrative officer, empowered to direct national affairs for ruler, supervisor of the nomarchs, originally only open to highest born royalty, eventually bestowed on the best administrator

Front 41

Nomarch

Back 41

district governor over a nome, supervised the local governing officials, entrusted w/ regional military & police powers, conducted region's corvees & collected taxes, originally the local princes, eventually bestowed on able managerial types

Front 42

Rokhu Suton

Back 42

"perosn known to the per'o"
courtiers commissioned to intelligence cases
reported secretly & directly to the king
usually minor royalty

Front 43

Son of Re Titulary Element

Back 43

1) Appearance due to end of make line in Dynasty lV
2) Djed predicted Re would father triplet heirs by a human
3) Ruddadet bore Userkaf, Sahure, 7 Neferikare Kaki to him
4) they were born, flesh & blood to the kingship
5) they commenced Dynasty V & made the title permanent

Front 44

Pepi ll

Back 44

dynasty Vl's 4th pharaoh reigned 94 years
followed traditions of rulership in Ebypt
old kindom woes intensified under his rule

Front 45

Reasons for the Collapse of the Old Kingdom State

Back 45

1) cort intrigues at Memphis, over the succession, underminded authority
2) Disloyalty of the Nomarchs led to a collapse of governomental stability
3) Temple & sacred exemptions led to overburdening the poor masses
4) extended corvees caused thepoor to be ruined economically

Front 46

Innovations Brought about Via the 1st intermediate perios

Back 46

1) coffin texts made afterlife accessible to the Egyptians w/o pharaho
2) Execration Texts made it possible to magically control Egypt's foes
3) instruction itexts passed on an age's wisdom to future monarchs
4) Rhetoric became important for attaining power, wealth & status
5) Qenbet ( cort system) became more complex & toughened sentences

Front 47

Table of Eloquent Peasant

Back 47

This text documents the great stress placed on rhetorical skill and intellect by the post 1st I.P. societies. It is also proof of the type of social mobility possible, based on fitness to serve per'p

Front 48

Mentuhotep ll

Back 48

Horus pharaoh w/ throne name smatowy
he who unites the tow lands
ended the 1st I.P. by conquest & diplomacy. Began the middle kingdom w/ dynasty Xl, campaigned in Nubia, Lybia & Syria, great patron of fine & literary arts, intermediate period

Front 49

Amenemhet l

Back 49

Repeater of births, initially an upper Egypt nomarch, promoted to Zati by mentuhotep lV, elevated to kingship by administration, founded Dynasty Xll" began coregency, greatly enhanced the Nomes, built new capital & walls of the prince, Assassinated in harem conspiracy

Front 50

Sesostris lll

Back 50

Most dynamic middle kinddom pharaoh, divided the Zatiship, instituted overseer of fareign lands, reduced the power of the nomarchs, improved commerce 7 communications, seized Shechem: improved fortifications, built his pyramid at Dahshur, set up name with Mont Temple

Front 51

Hekau Khasut

Back 51

Prince of Foreig uplands, amorities, Hyrrians, & Assorted semities
used hittite iron technology & horses, held Egypt for 210 years ( 180 yrs. domination) ruled feudally from avaris, attributed authority to seth

Front 52

Ahmose

Back 52

completed the Hyksos expulsion from L.E., Reunified Egypt & consolidated New kingdom, Established Dynasty XVlll, led palestine/Syria campaign against semites, began consanguine marraige for legitimacy, professionalized the military, prefurbished canals & dykes for agriculture, expanede the osirian rites

Front 53

Hatshepsut

Back 53

Sister/consort to Thutmose ll
mother / regent to Thutmose lll
seized son's throne in 1503 B.C.. sent trading exepditions to Punt, built temple 7 Chaple of red granite, raised great obelisk at Karnak, suffered name erasures postmortem

Front 54

Thutmose lll

Back 54

Isis ( comcubine Isis) Mother
great Per'o militarly ( defeated mitanni King 7 Nubia's Forces)
Campaign annals at thebes temple, used political hostages to control foes, grand imperialist/set border on Euphrates, fine patron and public works builder, built 7th pylon and festival hall at Karnak

Front 55

Ramese lll

Back 55

Last great native Stock Pharaoh, repelled lybian invasion in year 5( along with foes libu, sped, meshwesh), halted sea people invasion in year 8 ( sheklesh, sherden, weshwesh, dened, peleset, tjekker)
added to temples at Karnk, sea expeditions launched for trade, suffered 1st sit down strike on record in year 29 over rations, survived harem conspirancy, negotiated secretly 1st ever peace treaty w. hittites, his is the best royal mummy yet found.

Front 56

Cleopatra Vll

Back 56

Queen of Egypt at age 19 with 12 years old brother PtolemyXlll
spoke 9 languages including Egyptian (1st Ptolemy to do so ) Dethroned in eunuch led conspiracy of Pothinus in 48 BC, allied with Gaius Julius Caesar and became his mistress in struggle for Egypt, restored to throne when Ptolemy drowned & Pothinus was slain, has son PtolemyXV called ceasarion for Ceasar, allied with Mark Anthony after Ceasar's assassination & callenged Oviavian, with defeat at Actium & Mark Anthony's suicide she poisned herself ( Serpent?)

Front 57

Patranrch

Back 57

theleader/owner of a tribe, clan, phartery (called "Abba")

Front 58

Berith

Back 58

Berith Karat ( Hebrew- to cut a cobenant)
type of suzerain/vassal theaty of the era
executed with ritual slaughter &
a perpetually binding legal agrement
blood sacrifice, tready permint legal agrement, to have a formual written and ritually enacted process called-Berith Karat

Front 59

Formual for writing a Berith

Back 59

Preamble
Prologue
Stipulations
treaty deposit
wittnesses
curses
blessings

Front 60

Preamble

Back 60

who is acting

Front 61

Prologue

Back 61

why they are acting

Front 62

Stipulations

Back 62

what must be done

Front 63

Treaty Deposit

Back 63

binding gifts, how it becomes permanment

Front 64

Witnesses

Back 64

who testifies that it was extered ino willing

Front 65

Curses

Back 65

how vilators get punished

Front 66

Blessings

Back 66

how you get rewarded

Front 67

Abraham

Back 67

of UR, ( the father is exalted), husband to Sari/Sarah( princess/his half sister), functioned as a patriarch of the Hebrews, his berith of 1820 was with Yahweh, it made his pople God's elect monotheists, ancient canaan was teh treaty deposit.

Front 68

Joseph - Yoseph-El

Back 68

son of Jacob/Israel ( Yoseph-El May God Add a son") Blessed as a diviner of Dreams, rewarded with Patriarchal Garment by father, (passim' indicates robe was floor length w/long sleeves), Sold into Egyptian Slavery under potiphar, Rewarded w/hyksos Zatiship for salvation plan, caused soem 2nd I.P. tribal settlement in Egypt

Front 69

Yahwist "J"

Back 69

composed bibical text, wrote inteh southern kingdom of Judah, cort sponsored oral tradition collartor, stressed salvation role of davidic dynasty, used Yahweh anarchronistically, has God anthromorphic, but divinely regak, has close God/human relationship, used non-first borns & females as leaders, hes regiona terms( canaanite, ishmaelite, sinai) economical, colorful style( for oral presentation) earthy & psychological in plot development.

Front 70

Elohist "E"

Back 70

composed bibical text, northernkingdom of Israel based, compiled edited "J" northern tradition & documents, stressed mosai tradition as salvation, used Yahweh only after it was revelaed, employed Elohim to that point, has God use intermediaries to act w/men, has regional terms ( Amorite, Midianite, Horeb) Folkstyle w/ foreshadowing & dramatic ending, liberally substituted northern Heroes

Front 71

Deuteronomist "D"

Back 71

Authored Biblical Book, Priestly based at main northern sanctuary, Levite legal & ritual focus in text, homilitic & priestly traditions fused, God is universal, Singular & Supreme, covenants are love acts of God, primarily for Succoth usage, unique pharase used.

Front 72

Priestly Writer

Back 72

Pentateuch's final author/redactor
synthesized "J" & "E" w/his editions, composed Leviticus & numbers, Jerusalem temple based, emphasized law, ritual,rites, ext. Geneaological interests, Yahweh is spiritual & remote, God is ominipotent, ominsicent, ominipresent, text styel is somber & Redundant

Front 73

Torah

Back 73

"to poingout" Authoritative direction, (from horah-to point out) Obligatory teaching regarding salvation, outlined substance of divine-human ties, leagal & Moral guides for lives of the elect, Judical, Ceremonial & moral codex

Front 74

Targumim

Back 74

Translation/interpretation, vernacular Biblical texts, Principally aramaic editions, used for home study/ teaching of the law, ( Babloian or Onkelos Targumim is the oldeest know. Jerusalem Targumim ll & Jonathan targumim employed. Psalms, Proverbs, Job, Ruth, Lamentations, Ester and Ecclesiastices/Crhronicales are main focii) Vernacular- way of speaking- common people

Front 75

LaChish Ostrica

Back 75

Sherds(21) w/written messages, letters to tell El-Hesy site, Yoash & Hosia Track Nebuchadrezzar ll, buried in gateway for security, excavated by J.L. Starkey, confirms ll Kings, Paralles ll Chronicles,

Front 76

J.L. Starkey

Back 76

finds the sherds

Front 77

Mesha Stone

Back 77

9th century B.C. Moabite stele ( tomb stone shape monuments w/text, W.Canaanite Text names Yahweh, says Yahweh delivered Jews to Chemosh & Mesha, King Omri of Istael was overcome my Mesha, closely paralles l kings 17

Front 78

Philo Judaeus

Back 78

of alexanderis Egypt, greatest intellectual in Alexandria, Jewish scholar/ambassador (to Gaius), Authored embassy to gaius, wrote antiquarian reconciliation of JEwish & Hellenistic Culture, Developed the logos concept in religion, expert on Judaic institutions & Life

Front 79

Flavius Josephus

Back 79

Great jewis historian, expert on the secrets of Judaism, learned in the law ( of Levite family), Ambassador to rome, Military Governor of Galilee, Defeated by Vespasian & titus, Becam advisor/secretary to Flavains, authored 66 A.D. Zealot revlot account, wrote antiquities of the Jews, author of against apion & vita

Front 80

Sample Types of Biblical Analysis

Back 80

Literary Criticism
Form Criticism
Redaction Criticism

Front 81

Literary Criticism

Back 81

Studies stylistic elements and terminology of text to determind authorship and sources with a fixed point in time.

Front 82

Form Criticism

Back 82

studies unique subtext items like: blessings, hymns,psalms, prayers, ect. to determinewho used what device, in what circustances, for what purpose(s)

Front 83

Redaction Criticism

Back 83

studies historical setting, philosophical currents, philogolical paraments, theological trends, ect. to determind how the text was formed, and what was the orginal meaning of it.

Front 84

Amon

Back 84

"That which is hidden" King of Egypt's pantheon, divine advisor to the Pharaho, patron God of Thebes 7 Khum, Ram headed or a great goose-zoomorph, Kings of gods, owns city, southern city of Thebes

Front 85

Re (Ra) DynV

Back 85

Principle sun god, creator of man in some mythic traditions, Pharaho's physical protection, dispute settler, Hawk headed patron of Heliopolus(son city) & Yun, father of all pharo's from 5th Dyn on always is pictured with a sun on him, god assocated w/ the law

Front 86

Isis

Back 86

Sister to Orisis, wife to Orisis, queen of Egypt's Pantheon, Great Magican(Knew Re's Secret names) Guardian of the Heir to the Throne, Protectressof Children,Mother of Horus,Saved Osiris from obliteration by Seth, must know the name of all things

Front 87

Osiris

Back 87

brother to isis, husband to isis, god of civilization, teaches the people, god of plant fertility, teaches how to raise crops, Mythical 1st pharaoh, 1st god king, 1st per's, netherworks ruler, abydos patron, mummified make w/death mask, crook & Flail, Seasons

Front 88

Seth

Back 88

Zoomorph-in to a hippo, brother to Osiris & Isisgod of wilderness, gets jellous of Osiris gets him drunk tricks him gets him in a box shoves blades in box killing him takes him out and chopings takes parts and flings the parts all over Egept and stils king ship

Front 89

Thoth

Back 89

Brother Isis, god of wisdome, the moon, writings & scribes, math, magic & medicine, healer of the damaged eye of Horus, Ibis headed patron of Hermopolis Magana

Front 90

Horus

Back 90

son of Isis & Osiris, Certifier of Legitimate Pharaohs of United Egypt, sky god whose eyes are teh sun and the moon, heir to his father osiris throne, avernger of osiris aganist Seth, falcon patron god of Nekhen

Front 91

Anubis

Back 91

Originally the Per'os god of death, creator of the Mummificatin process, Lord of hte Necropolis, weigher of the heart against Ma'At, son of Re& protector of Isis, Jackal Headed god.

Front 92

MA'AT

Back 92

Goddness of truth personified, giver of the Law, Counterweight to the heart in the judgment, Squatting female w/feather in hair

Front 93

KA

Back 93

divine immortal protective elements, hieroglyph is uplifted arms, survived death w/food sacrifices, originally possessed only by per'o personality, intellect & physiology

Front 94

BA

Back 94

Life activating force, animated the mummy w/opening of the mouth rite, hieroglyph is the Jabiru bird, immortal totem element of horus.