Histology Quiz

Front 1

Complementarity

Back 1

It means that the structure and function of biological components
determine one another.

Front 2

The Functions of Life:

Back 2

1. Maintaining boundaries and integrity of the
organism.
2. Movement
3. Responsiveness, irritability, excitability
4. Intake of nutrients and digestion
5. Metabolism
6. Excretion
7. Growth and repair
8. Reproduction

Front 3

Homeostasis

Back 3

-a dynamic balance of processes and
materials in the internal environment;
- the ability to respond to stress to
maintain balance.

Front 4

Most homeostatic mechanisms utilize a control system known as

Back 4

negative feedback

Front 5

sensor

Back 5

responds to a variable stimulus

Front 6

When that variable is
outside the normal range the sensor notifies

Back 6

control center

Front 7

a control center, which then responds directly or triggers
a response which is called an

Back 7

effector

Front 8

Positive feedback

Back 8

Positive feedback increases the original
stimulus. It is used in certain situations
to produce a rapid buildup of response.

Front 9

Four Basic Tissue Types:

Back 9

Epithelial – lining and secretory tissue
Connective – supportive and nutritive tissue
Muscular – contracts to produce movement
Nervous – integration and control

Front 10

Characteristics of Epithelial Tissue

Back 10

• Closely packed cells of a mostly uniform
type
• Cells attached to a basement membrane
• Cells are joined by a junctional complex
•Tight junctions
• Desmosomes
• Gap junctions

Front 11

glycoprotein

Back 11

The basement membrane consists of a basal lamina

Front 12

collagen.

Back 12

reticular lamina made of

Front 13

junctional complex.

Back 13

Epithelial cells, as well as certain muscle and connective tissue cells, have specialized connections
between them

Front 14

Tight junctions,

Back 14

most important in restricting transport between cells
which form a semipermeable membrane

Front 15

Intercellular clefts

Back 15

are passageways
through the tight junctions which allow water and small molecules to pass between cells in some
locations

Front 16

Desmosomes contain ____ filaments which run from one cell to the next, somewhat analogous to
rebar used in building construction.

Back 16

keratin

Front 17

Hemidesmosomes

Back 17

small bundles
of keratin filaments which anchor the basal membrane of an epithelial cell to the underlying
connective tissue

Front 18

zona adherens

Back 18

more continuous
adhesions composed of joining proteins that anchor cells to one another near the apical end

Front 19

have channels called "connexons" which allow ions and, therefore, electrical
impulses to pass from one cell to the next.

Back 19

Gap junctions

Front 20

All epithelial tissues are attached to a basement membrane along a

Back 20

basal surface.

Front 21

The basement membrane is composed of

Back 21

1) basal lamina – a “glue” similar to the glycocalyx, 2)
reticular lamina – primarily collagen fibers which attach the cell to underlying connective tissue.

Front 22

Shapes of Epithelium

Back 22

•squamous - thin and flat cells
•cuboidal - cube shaped cells
•columnar - column shaped cells

Front 23

•simple

Back 23

single layer of cells

Front 24

stratified

Back 24

multilayered cells

Front 25

pseudostratified

Back 25

false stratified

Front 26

transitional

Back 26

stretchable

Front 27

ciliated

Back 27

cells possess cilia

Front 28

Simple squamous epithelium

Back 28

• The thinnest tissue of the body.
• Forms semipermeable membranes in lungs and
capillaries.
• Secretes serous fluid in serous membranes (e.g.
pericardial and pleural membranes, mesenteries).
• Lines cardiovascular system, covers organs, forms
glomerular capsules in kidney.

Front 29

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

Back 29

Cuboidal epithelial cells are the most prevalent cells in glands of all types, producing the secretions that the glands release

Front 30

Simple Columnar Epithelium

Back 30

Columnar epithelium comes as short and tall columnar cells and lengths in between. Nuclei occur
closer to the basal layer of the cells. It is non-ciliated in the GI tract, e.g. stomach and intestinal lining,
ciliated in portions of the respiratory and genitourinary tracts. Columnar epithelium which is found in a
mucous membrane has specialized goblet cells which secrete mucus, a protective and lubricating
substance.

Front 31

Villi

Back 31

finger-like projections which line the small intestine. They are covered with simple columnar
epithelial cells interspersed with goblet cells

Front 32

goblet cells

Back 32

secrete mucus which helps protect the
GI lining from acid

Front 33

Ciliated Simple Columnar Epithelium

Back 33

Ciliated simple columnar is found in
large bronchioles of the respiratory
tract and in the genitourinary tract.

Front 34

Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar
Epithelium (PCCE)

Back 34

Primary lining of
the Respiratory
tract

Front 35

Transitional Epithelium

Back 35

Transitional epithelium lines the urinary tract
where it provides stretchability.

Front 36

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Back 36

Stratified squamous epithelium forms the outer layer or epidermis of the skin. Skin is found as the
organ of the integument and also as the lining of the oral cavity, esophagus, anus and vagina. In
the body’s external skin the epidermis is keratinized, i.e. the outer cells are impregnated with keratin
which helps to produce a waterproof, protective layer.

Front 37

cornified layer

Back 37

is a protective layer of dead cells.

Front 38

Non-keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Back 38

Non-keratinized skin is found in locations which are kept moist by secretions, such as the esophagus,
mouth, anus, and vagina.

Front 39

Characteristics of Connective Tissues

Back 39

widely spaced cells – consist of various types
• intercellular matrix – a.k.a. ground substance

Front 40

Intercellular matrix components:

Back 40

•loose or dense structure
•fibers - may be collagen (inelastic), elastin (elastic),
or reticular.
• ground substance - a semiliquid containing water,
glycoproteins, and other substances

Front 41

collagen fibers

Back 41

Collagen is braided, like a rope, to provide non-stretchable strength for tissues such as tendons,
ligaments, etc.

Front 42

Elastic tissue

Back 42

is found where stretchability is important, such as the walls of arteries, and the internal
support of the lung.

Front 43

reticular fibers

Back 43

Organs which are primarily composed of epithelial cells need an internal support to
maintain shape and structure. They achieve this with an endoskeleton or stroma of
reticular tissues.