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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe the overall structure of the heart wall with reference to the epicardium, the myocardium and the endocardium. |
Epicardium - visceral layer of serous pericaridum, outer surface of heart - SSE (mesothelium) - CT - adipose Myocardium - cardiac muscle - thinner in atrium then vent Endocardium -SSE (endothelium) - CT - Smooth muscle - Purkinje fibres |
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Identify Purkinje fibres and know their structure and location reflects their role in the conducting system of the heart. |
Conducting system - SA node > AV node > Bundle of HIS > Purkinje Fibres = spreads impulse along Vents - modified cardiac muscle cells - very large, round nuclei - between endo and myocardium |
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Describe the general histological features of blood vessels with reference to the tunica intima, tunica media and tunica adventitia |
TI - Endothelium - Basal lamina - CT TM - smooth muscle - elastic fibres TA -collagen and elastic fibres -fibroblasts -nerves +/- smooth muscle |
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Be able to differentiate between (a) an elastic and muscular artery, (b) artery and vein, and (c) arteriole and capillary in light microscope sections. |
Elastic - alternating layers of smooth m. and elastic lamallae in t. media. Muscular - internal elastic membrane on t. intima -external elastic membrane on t. adventitia Artery - small lumen -oval shaped Vein -irregular shaped lumen -wide Arteriole -sizeable layers outside lumen Capillary - not so much, one layer |
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Be able to identify a large elastic artery, muscular artery, arteriole, large vein, venule and capillary by the unique histological features of the 3 tunics in light microscope sections. |
Large vein - 2 - 15 layers of smooth muscle in t. media Medium vein -internal elastic membrane on t. intima |
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Describe the ultrastructure (low power electron micrographs) of three types of capillaries: continuous, fenestrated and sinusoidal. |
Continuous capillary - skin, CNS - zonula occludens hold endothelial cells together -pinocytotic vesicles in cytoplasm - large molecules transported - diffusion of gases/molecules Fenestrated - glands, GIT - 80nm holes in PM +/- diaphragm Discontinuous = Sinusoid - Liver, bone marrow, spleen - larger irregular luminal diameter - GAPS between endothelial cells - Pores within PM - No basal lamina - Permable to large molecular compounds and sometimes erythrocytes and leukocytes |
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Summarise the function in relation to structure for each of the three capillaries. |
Principal sites for exchange of substances. Continous - brain, heart, lung Fenestrated - GIT, glands Sinosoidal - liver, spleen etc |
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What is a Erythrocyte? |
Red blood cells |
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What is a Leukocyte? |
White blood cell |
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What is a Thrombocyte? |
Platelets |
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Characteristics of a Erythrocyte? |
Anucleate, no organelles in cytoplasm, biconcave disc shape, 8nm |
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Characteristics of a Neutrophil? |
Multilobed nucleus, small granules, 10 -12 micrometre |
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Characteristics of Eosinophils? |
Bilobed nucleus, large obvious cytoplasmic granules, 10-12 |
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Lymphocytes? |
6-15, intense staining, large indented nucleus, thin band of cytoplasm |
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Thrombocytes? |
2-3, anucleate, membrane bound cell fragments |
