Histology And Physiology Of The Skin

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Histology

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the study of the structure and composition of tissue

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the integumentary system

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the skin and its accesory organs, oil and sweat receptors, hair and nails

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skin has how many sweat glands?

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650

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skin has how many oil glands?

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100

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Sebum

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protects skin from external factors

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Injured skin

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can restore itself to its normal thickness through hyper production of cells and blood clotting ability

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adipose tissue

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a protective cushion giving contour to body

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we protect from cold by

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constriction of blood vessels and decreasing blood flow

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Sebacceous oil glands

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secrete oil that protects the skin are connected to hair follicles

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Oil coating the surface

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slows down water evaporation and maintains water levels in cells

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apocrine glands

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coiled structures attached to hair follicle found under arms and genitals

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desmonosomes

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structures that assist in building cells together

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mitosis

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cell division

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Stratum Granulosum

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composed of cells that resemble granuels

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The Dermis

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contains blood and lymph vessels which supply nourishment in the skin

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Corpuscles

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are the nerve endings sensitive to touch and pressure

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Hyaluronic acid

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is found between the fibers in the reticular layer

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elastin

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protein fiber found in dermis

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epidermis

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outermost protective layer of skin many nerve endings

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Motor Nerve Fibers

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Stimulate the arrector pili muscles attached to hair follicles and cause goose bumps

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Melanocytes

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cells that produce pigment granules in the basal layer

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differences in skin color are due to the amount of

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melanin

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2 types of duct glands

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sebaceuos oil gland and sudoriferous sweat gland

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sudoriferous sweat glands

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regulate body temperature and eliminate waste by excreating sweat- no follicle

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papillary layer

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connects dermis to epidermis

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the sun and its ultraviolet rays

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have greatest imnpace on how skin ages

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UVA rays or aging rays

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contribute 90-95% of the suns uv rays

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vitamin k

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blood coagulation

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stratum lucidum

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clear layer under corneum on palms and feet

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Nicotine

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causes contraction and weakening of blood vessles and capillaries causing decreased circulation

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heavy or excessive intake of alcohol

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dialates blood vessels

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stratum germinativum

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layer above papillary , known as basal layer

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vitamins or micronutrients

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are substabces that have no calories and have no nutrituonal value

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fat soluble vitamins

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A, D, E, K

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water soluble vitamins

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B and C

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vitamin c

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or ascorbic acid repairs skin and tissues, fights the aging process and promotes collagen producting-could prevent cancer

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vitamin e

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or tocopherolm used with vitamin a helps protect the skin from harmful effects of the suns rays

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Water

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composes 50-70% of the bodys weight, eliminates toxins, regulates temperature, aids in digestion and keeps skin healthy

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barrier function

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lipid matrix protecting skin surface

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skin is nourished

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by the blood and lymph through the arteries and capillaries of the circulatory system

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collagen

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protein fiber makes up 70% of dermis

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macronutrients

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make up the largest part of the nutrition we take in

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enzymes

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biological catalysts made up of protein and vitamins that break down complex food into smaller molecules to utilize energy

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DNA

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blueprint material that contains info that controls the function of every living cell

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Proteins

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used by the immune system in determining what is an invader and how the body will react

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Essential Amino Acids

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amino acids that must be part of the diet because the body cant manufacture them-fish, eggs dairy beans

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papillae

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cone shaped structures at bottom of follicle

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glucose

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the most basic unit of a carb and the simplest-stored in the muscles and liver as glycogen

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starches

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also called complex carbs -grains

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fiber

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important in pushing waste out of colon

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a disaccharides

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lactose

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a digestable polysaccharide

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starch

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fruits and veg have both

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simple sugars and fiber

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Lipids (fats)

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assist in the absorption of fat soluble vitamins A D E and K

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Linoleic Acid

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essential fatty acid

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calories

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the measure of heat units or body heat-fats are high in calories

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stratum corneum

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outtermost layer of epidermis the esthetician is concerned with

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omega-3

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can posssibly decrease the likelihood of cardiovascular diseases by reducing the potential leading to arteriosclerosis

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physiology

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study of skins functions

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vitamin a

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the body stores this vitamin, too much can be toxic and damage liver

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Vitamin D

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sunshine vitamin

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Coagulation

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clotting factor that allows bleeding to stop

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Thiamine (B1)

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in pork, beef, cereals, and whole wheat

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Niacin

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required for manufacturing of steroids by the body as well as the mfg of red blood cells

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Pellagra

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a disease associated with niacin deficiency can effect skin, mental functions and cause death

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Pernicious Anemia

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caused by lack of B12

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Biotin

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involved in energy formation by cells as well as in synthesis of both proteins and fatty acids-produced in intestines

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l-ascorbic acid

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an antioxidant that protects the body from many forms of oxidation and free radicle problems

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eccrine glands

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sweat glands found all over body not attached to hair , no odor

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reticular layer

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deeper layer of dermis gives skin elasticity