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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is tissue fluid?
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fluid that exits the blood vascular system through cappillaries that carries nutrients to cells and waste away from cells
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Describe the hydrostatic pressure into an arterial - to cappillary to venule
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high in arteriole and low in venule
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How does fluid reenter the vascular system at th eend of the venule end of the microvascular bed?
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hydrostatic pressure is reduced in the venules (relative to arterioles), and the osmotic pressure is higher than the arterioles due to loss of fluid from the capillaries
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what happens to fluid that doesn't reenter the blood?
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it goes to the lymphatic system through lympahtic cappillaries in the interstitium
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What is edema?
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a condition in which excess tissue fluid is present in the connective tissue spaces
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What causes edema?
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increased formation of tissue fluid (via increased hydrostatic pressure and increased permeability of the capillary walls), or decreased resorption of tissue fluid (lympatic obstruction and lower blood colloids)
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What is the difference between acute and chronic inflammation?
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Acute only lasts a few hours or days, chronic lasts months to years
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What is the accute inflammatory response?
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dull red line, bright red flare and swelling
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What is the dull red line attributed to in inflammation?
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increased histamine is released from mast cells, located next to capillaries
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What is the purpose of the inlfammatory response?
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to dillute toxins and allow leukocytes and anitbodies to access extravascular spaces to fight infection
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What are the components of cartilage?
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cells-chondroblasts; fibers-collagen or elastic; and ground substance
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What is ground substance?
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solid, principally made of chondromucoprotein, which contains sulfate and keratan sulfate
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What types of cartilage develop from mesenchyme?
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hylaine and elastic?
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What type of cartilage deelops from dense connective tissue?
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fibrocartilage
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How does hyaline cartilage develop?
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mesenchymal cells become rounded and differentiate into chondroblasts, then secrete matrix (fibers and ground substance) and become entrapped in lacunae
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What is the perichondrium?
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mesenchymal cells surrounding the developing cartilage (hyaline or elastic) that differentiate into cells that form perichondrium
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What are the components of perichondrium?
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1) fibrous outer layer containing collagen, fibroblasts and mesenchymal cells 2)chondrogenic layer (contains chondroblasts)
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What is appositional growth?
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Adding new matrix to the outside of the old (only increases width)
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What is interstitial growth?
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growth as cell nests are fromed due to mitotic activity of chondroblasts WITHIN lacunae
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How does cartilage get its nutrition?
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by diffusion of tissue fluid through the matrix (NO BLOOD vessels in cartilage)
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Where do you find hyaline cartilage?
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in the fetus and young adult - it is progressively replaced by bone, and also stays hyaline in articular surfaces of bone, nose, larynx, trachea and bronchus
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Where do you find elastic cartliage?
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pinna (external ear) and epiglottis
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Where do you find fibrocartilage?
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tendon insertions, pubic symphysis and intervertebral disks
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How does fibrocartilage differ from hyaline and elastic?
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fewer lacunae, develops from dense connective tissue, no perichondrium present
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Why do you need ascorbic acid for bone formation?
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vitamin C is important for production of vollagen and necessary for proper bone formation.
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Why is Vitamin D important for bone formation?
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to increase Ca++ and PO4 absorbtion from intestines
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What does vitamin D defiency result in?
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Rickets (kids) and Osteomalacea (adults
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Why do you need Parathyroid hormone for proper bone formation?
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To increase serum calcium by stimulating the formation of osteocasts and suppressing osteoblast activity
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