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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where can epithelial cells be found?
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Lines exterior surfaces; internal closed tubes, glands and ducts
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How do epithelial cells receive a blood supply?
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Avascular, by diffusion through basement membrane
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How do Epithelioid and Epithelial tissue differ?
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Epithelioid cells have no free, or apical surface
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What is an epithelial cell called when it has more than 1 layer?
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stratified, vs. simple
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what are the 3 shapes that an epithelial cell can have?
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squamous, columnar, and cubodial
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what are the 3 types of apical surface specializations that epithelial cells can have?
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microvilli, stereocilia, and cilia
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what structure is found in the core of microvilli?
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actin filaments
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what is the structure that attaches microvilli to the apical surface of the epithelial cell?
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terminal web, formed of MF
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what is the actin binding protein that anchors the actin filaments at the end of MV?
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villin
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what is the actin binding protein that attaches the actin filaments to the side of the MV?
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myosin I
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what is the actin binding protein that anchors actin MF to each other in MV?
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fascin
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what is the actin binding protein that allows contraction of the terminal web and MV?
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spectrin
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what is the actin binding protein that attaches the MF in stereocilia to the MB?
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erzin
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what is the actin binding protein that attaches the MF in stereocilia to other MF?
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fimbrin
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what is the actin binding protein that attaches the MF in stereocilia to the terminal web?
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a-actinin
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where can stereocilia be found in the body?
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epididymis, proximal ductus deferens, and hair cell of ear
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cilium have what in their core, and in what organization?
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MT, in 9 pairs of doublets
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how are motile and non-motile cilium different?
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non-motile have no doublet in the middle of the cilium
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what is the function of the dynein arms on the A-MT in cilium?
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use ATP to slide along the adjacent B-MT, allowing bending of cilium
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what is the function of the center doublet in motile cilium?
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regulates the use of ATP in outer MT
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how is a basal body different from a cilium?
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9 pairs of triplets vs. doublets, no center triplet
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where can mesothelium be found?
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lining the walls of closed cavities
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where can endothelium be found?
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lining of vascular system, arteries and veins
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what are the features of pseudostratified columnar?
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all cells rest on basal lamina, no all reach surface
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where is pseudostratified columnar with stereocilia found?
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epididymis
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where is psuedostratified columnar with cilia found?
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tracheae
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what are the features of transitional epithelium?
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presence of cap cells over apical layer, bi-nucliated cells
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what are the 3 components of a junctional complex?
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zonula occludens, zonula adherens, desmosomes (macula adherens)
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what are the features of a zonula occludens?
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interact with cytoskeleton, prevent movement into intercellular space, connects membranes
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what is the transmembrane protein of zonula occludins?
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occludin
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what is the protein found intercellularly in a zonula occludins?
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claudin
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what does the cytoplasmic protein ZO-1 do in a zonula occludin?
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interacts with actin in cell
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what does the cytoplasmic protein ZO-3 do in a zonula occludin?
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interacts with junctional complex
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how does paracellular transport differ from transcellular transport?
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paracellular crosses 2 epithelial cells vs. 1, and occurs across a zonula occludens
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what is an anchoring junction?
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a lateral adhesion between 2 epithelial cells that links into the cells cytoskeleton
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what are the 2 types of anchoring junctions?
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zonula adherens and mocula adherens (desmosomes)
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what structure does zonula adherens use to anchor its junction?
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cadherins
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what part of the cytoskeleton attaches to cadherins to give it its strength?
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actin filaments
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fascia adherins are found in what tissue type?
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cardiac muscle
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desmosome (macula adherens) use what type of IF (tonofiliament)?
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keratin
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what are the two anchoring IF are found in desmosomes?
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desmoplakins and plakoglobins
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what are the extracellular portions of cadherins?
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desmogleins and desmocollins
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the function of gap junctions is?
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passage of singals, ions, and small metabolites
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what is the shape of gap junctions?
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6 subunits made of connexin, do not attach to cytoskeleton
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how do gap junctions react to the level of Ca in the cell?
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they open with low [ ] in the cell, close with a high [ ]
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basement membrane has what connections?
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hemidesmosomes, focal adhesions
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what protein is used to attach the basal lamina?
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integrin
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where is the basement membrane visible in H&E staining?
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tracheae
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what are the functions of the basement membrane?
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separate different tissues, filtration, area for new cell growth
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what type of collagen is found in the ECM that attach to the basement membrane?
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Type IV, III, and VII
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what type of collagen is secreted by the basement membrane?
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Type IV
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what connects type IV collagen with type III?
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reticular fibrils
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what connects type IV collagen with type VII?
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anchoring fibrils
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what connects the laminin and type IV collagen?
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enactin
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what connects laminin, collagen IV, and entactin?
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perlecan
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what makes up a focal adhesion?
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integrins bind to fibronectin and laminin extracellularly
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where are hemidesmosomes found?
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in epithelia subject to abrasion and shearing (skin, esophagus, vagina)
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what is the difference b/t endocrine and paracrine?
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endocrine lack ducts, secretes products that enter bloodstream and travel to target cell; paracrine products affect other cells within same epitheliam
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what are the 3 types of exocrine secretion?
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merocrine (exocytosis), apocrine, (secretory vesicles) holocrine ( cell death)
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how do you classify mutlicellular glands?
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branched (compound) or unbranched (simple), and shape ( tubular, alveolar, tubuloalveolar)
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how do you identify serous gland cells?
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eosinophilic cytoplasm w/ round nuclei
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how do you identify mucus gland cells?
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flattened nucleus and washed out cytoplasm
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