High Yield Anatomy 1

Front 1

aortic arch found at what vertebral level?

Back 1

T2 (pulsatile mass at T2-->aortic arch aneurysm)

Front 2

alar ligaments

Back 2

limit excessive movement of atlanto-axial jount (turning head "no")

Front 3

what happens if transverse (cruciform) ligament tears?

Back 3

(due to trauma e.g. Jefferson fx, or RA); allows dens to move within vertebral canal

Front 4

dislocations without fracture are found only within what region of vertebral column?

Back 4

cervical region b/c here the articular surfaces are inclined horizontally

Front 5

"fish mouth vertebrae"

Back 5

assoc'd with sickle cell anemia; central depressions seen radiographically in vertebral body

Front 6

bifurcation of common carotid artery at what vertebral level?

Back 6

C4

Front 7

cricoid cartilage at what vertebral level?

Back 7

C6

Front 8

teardrop fx caused by?

Back 8

hyperflexion of cervical region; e.g. from diving into shallow water, whiplash

Front 9

Jefferson fracture

Back 9

caused by compression of cervical region (force applied to top of head); fx of C1 at multiple sites, tear of transverse ligament

Front 10

hangman fracture

Back 10

hyperextension of cervical region

Front 11

Chance fracture

Back 11

thoracolumbar column trauma caused by hyperflexion of thoracic or lumbar region (e.g. seat belt injury); usually does not place spinal cord at risk

Front 12

dorsal intermediate septum of spinal cord, where?

Back 12

only above T6 (separates gracilus and cuneatus)

Front 13

filum terminale is extension of what?

Back 13

pia matter

Front 14

interal vertebral venous plexus where?

Back 14

epidural space

Front 15

what happens if artery of Adamkiewicz ligated during resection fo AAA?

Back 15

may result in anterior spinal artery syndrome: paraplegia, impotence, bladder/bowel dysfxn, loss of pain and T sesnation

Front 16

dorsal primary ramus innervates what?

Back 16

skin and deep muscles of back

Front 17

thumb dermatome

Back 17

C6

Front 18

upper neck dermatome

Back 18

C3

Front 19

ring and little fingers dermatome

Back 19

C8

Front 20

medial surface of leg, big toe dermatome

Back 20

L4

Front 21

lateral surface of leg dermatome

Back 21

L5

Front 22

dorsum of foot dermatome

Back 22

L5

Front 23

poster surface of lower limb dermatome

Back 23

S1

Front 24

lateral surface of foot dermatome

Back 24

S1

Front 25

little toe dermatome

Back 25

S1

Front 26

genitalia and anal zone dermatome

Back 26

S2-S5

Front 27

lumbar puncture needle passes through?

Back 27

skn->superficial fascia-> supraspinous ligament-> interspinous ligament-> ligamentum flavum-> epidural space-> dura mater-> arachnoid-> subarachnoid space

Front 28

how can breast cancer metastasize to brain?

Back 28

intercostal vein-> external vertebral plexus-> internal vertebral plexus-> cranial dural sinus

Front 29

what important structures cross rib 1?

Back 29

subclavian a/v, brachial plexus

Front 30

aspiration of peanut when sitting/standing

Back 30

right lower lobe, lower portion

Front 31

where does aspirated peanut go when supine?

Back 31

right lower lobar bronchus, upper portion

Front 32

where does aspirated peanut go when lying on right side?

Back 32

right UPPER lobar bronchus, posterior portion

Front 33

where does aspirated peanut go when lying on left side?

Back 33

LEFT UPPER lobar bronchus, lingula

Front 34

4 stages of inflammatory response in lobar pneumonia

Back 34

1. initial (acute congestion, intraalveolar fluid, few PMNs, many bact.); 2. early consolidation/"red hepatization" (extravasated RBCs); 3. late consolidation/"grey hepatization"; 4. resolution

Front 35

middle cardiac vein follows what artery?

Back 35

posterior interventricular artery

Front 36

small cardiac vein follows what artery?

Back 36

right marginal artery

Front 37

cell bodies of preganglionic parasymp neurons that decrease heart rate located where?

Back 37

dorsal nucleus of vagus and nucleus ambiguus of medulla

Front 38

cancer of scrotum metastasizes where?

Back 38

superficial inguinal nodes

Front 39

cancer of testes metastasizes where?

Back 39

deep lumbar nodes near renal hilus (b/c of embyro origin!)

Front 40

name the hernia: protrudes medial to inferior epigastric a/v, older males

Back 40

direct inguinal hernia (thru Hesselbach triangle)

Front 41

name the hernia: protrudes lateral to inferior epigastric a/v, medial and above to pubic tubercle

Back 41

indirect hernia (more common than direct)

Front 42

name the hernia: protrudes below and lateral to pubic tubercle

Back 42

femoral hernia (more common in females, esp on right side)

Front 43

is pancreas intra- or retroperitoneal?

Back 43

head, neck, and body--RETRO; tail--INTRA

Front 44

celiac trunk--at what vertebral level? major branches?

Back 44

at T12; left gastric artery, splenic artery, common hepatic artery

Front 45

superior mesenteric artery at what vertebral level?

Back 45

L1

Front 46

inferior mesenteric artery at what vertebral level?

Back 46

L3

Front 47

gastric ulcers most commonly where?

Back 47

in body of stomach along lesser curvature above incisura angularis

Front 48

significance of prepyloric vein

Back 48

makrs gastroduodenal jxn

Front 49

who has longer vasa recta--jejunum or ileum?

Back 49

jejunum

Front 50

what are Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses?

Back 50

early indicators of pathology changes in gallbladder; mucosa of gallbladder penetrates deep into muscularis externa

Front 51

MIrizzi syndrome

Back 51

large gallstone impacted in cystic duct extrinsically obstructs nearby common hepatic duct

Front 52

embryo origin of uncinate process of pancreas?

Back 52

ventral pancreatic bud

Front 53

embryo origin of pancreatic head?

Back 53

ventral AND dorsal pancreatic buds

Front 54

embryo origin of neck, body, and tail of pancreas?

Back 54

dorsal pancreatic bud

Front 55

lymph drainage of lower anal canal vs upper anal canal

Back 55

lower--superficial inguinal; upper--deep nodes

Front 56

arterial supply of lower anal canal vs upper anal canal

Back 56

lower--inferior rectal artery (branch of internal pudendal); upper--superior rectal artery (br of inf mesenteric)

Front 57

venous drainage of lower anal canal vs upper anal canal

Back 57

lower--to IVC; upper-too hepatic portal system

Front 58

contents of splenorenal ligament

Back 58

terminal branches of splenic artery, tributaries of splenic vein, tail of pancrease

Front 59

most common complication of splenectomy?

Back 59

atelectasis

Front 60

if superior wall of bladder ruptured (e.g. compression on full bladder) where would pee go?

Back 60

peritoneal cavity

Front 61

if anterior wall of bladder ruptured, where would piss go?

Back 61

extraperitoneal extravasation of urine w/i retropubic space of Retzius (e.g. fractured pelvis in car accident)

Front 62

where would piss go if urethra ruptured below urogenital diaphragm

Back 62

superficial perineal space

Front 63

Stage I RCC

Back 63

confined to renal capsule

Front 64

Stage II RCC

Back 64

extends into perirenal spance but still confined within perirenal fascia of Gerota

Front 65

Stage III RCC

Back 65

extends into perirenal space with thrombosis to renal vein, IVC, or lymph nodes

Front 66

which adrenal gland is shaped like pyramind (vs half moon)

Back 66

right (left)

Front 67

arterial supply of adrenals

Back 67

superior suprarenal a (inferior phrenic); middle suprarenal a (aorta); inferior suprarenal a (renal a)

Front 68

what is opsoclonus?

Back 68

"dancing eyes"--rapid, irregular, horizontal and vertical movements; characteristic of neuroblastoma

Front 69

contents of spermatic cord

Back 69

ductus deferens, testicular artery, artery of ductus deferens, cremasteric artery, pampiniform plexus of veins, symp/parasymps, genitofemoral nerve, lymphatics

Front 70

seminal fluid contains what?

Back 70

fructose and choline

Front 71

prostatic fluid contains

Back 71

citric acid, acid phosphatase, prostaglandins, fibrinogen, PSA