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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hazards and operational considerations |
• Metabolic heat stress • Delays in mounting firefighting and rescue operations • Fixed installations not available for use • Communications difficulties • Antisocial behaviour: - rubbish in lobbies and staircases - fire doors wedged open - lights removed or smashed - vandalized rising mains - razor bladed or needles fixed to facilities - Burning materials left in escape routes • Fire growth and smoke travel, it is common where fire grows externally by breaking out of windows which can lead to rapid fire spread to other floors and compartments, this is the "coanda effect" • Layout of buildings • Wind effects • Falling objects • Evacuation of occupants |
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Buildings over 18 meters make provisions for firefighting, at what height do buildings need wet systems and what other facilities will be provided? |
• Over 60 meters (50 meters for buildings built after 2006) Other provisions provided: • Firefighting shafts • Dry or wet rising mains • A fire lift |
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What precautionary features are included in modern high rise structures? |
• Firefighting lobby • Firefighting shaft • Stair pressurisation system • Communications systems • Floor display plan • Fire control centre • Atrium • Crossover floors • Sprinkler system and other fixed installations • HVAC - Combined heating, ventilation and air conditioning system |
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What are the 6 stages of the high rise procedure? |
• Pre-planning, gather information from the ORD on the MDT, familiarisation visits are essential • Command function, the IC should remain at ground level to maintain the command function and use any control room resources at main reception or FCC • Secure a water supply • Secure the firefighting lift, one firefighter should control the lift and only designated fire lifts are safe to use during an operational incident • Establish a bridgehead, a bridge head is a foward control point at which resources are gathered and firefighting teams can be effectively controlled. The position of a bridge head should be established during pre-planning visits, if this is not done the bridge head must be at least 2 floors below the fire floor. • Committing teams |
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What equipment should be taken to the bridge head via the fire lift? |
• 45mm hose, enough to reach the affected area • 2 branches • 1 ECB • 2 BA sets • IEC pack • Long line • Breaking-in gear • TIC • Access keys/codes • Floor plans if available |
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What are the 3 sectors can a high rise building be divided into? |
• Search sector • Fire sector • Lobby sector - bridgehead will be within this sector |
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What effects can wind have on a fire in a high rise building? |
Complex wind patterns are created around high rise buildings, compared to ground level wind patterns higher up can be stronger and in a different direction, therefore care should be taken when opening or ventilating a fire compartment |
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What precautions should be taken to reduce risk from falling objects? |
• Staff and appliances should be kept at a safe distance and should wear full PPE • Cordons should be placed around the base of the building at the earliest opportunity • Pieces of falling glass can be carried by the wind over great distances this is the "planing effect" |
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What is a phased evacuation? |
The building is evacuated in stages, starting with the fire floor and 1 floor above this will be initiated by the fire alarm system. Subsequent evacuation stages can either be automatic or directed by using a public address system. |
